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This study investigated the influence of anthropogenic salinization on planktonic rotifer communities and traced changes in their diversity along a salinity gradient. The experiment was conducted in 14 ponds of varied anthropogenic origin located in Poland’s Silesian Upland. On the basis of the mean concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS) and principal component analysis (PCA), the water bodies were divided into 4 groups in respect to salinity: freshwater ponds, TDS < 500 mg·dm⁻³; subsaline ponds, TDS = 500-3,000 mg·dm⁻³; hyposaline ponds, TDS = 3,000-20,000 mg·dm⁻³; and mesosaline ponds, TDS = 20,000-50,000 mg·dm⁻³. An increase in salinity resulted in a decrease of rotifer species richness and diversity. Salinity also had a negative effect on mean rotifer density. The highest densities were recorded in freshwater and hyposaline ponds, whereas the lowest were in subsaline and mesosaline waters. Rotifer species richness differed significantly at 2 salinity thresholds: TDS = 500 mg·dm⁻³ and 20,000 mg·dm⁻³.
In vitro microtuberization provides an adequate experimental model for the physiological and metabolic studies of tuberization and the preliminary screenings of potential potato genotypes. The effects of saline stress at 0-80 mmol concentration on in vitro tuberization of two potato cultivars were investigated in this study. With an increase in the salt concentration, the microtuberization of potato was either delayed by 5-10 days (20 and 40 mmol NaCl) or inhibited completely (80 mmol NaCl) in addition to the reduction in microtuber yields. The two potato genotypes studied showed different trends in total soluble sugars, sucrose and starch contents of microtubers under NaCl stress, while glucose and fructose levels remained unchanged. The vitamin C content in microtubers of two potato genotypes was reduced by salt stress. Salinity applied from 20 to 60 mmol progrestively increased proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in microtubers of both the potato cultivars. In genotype Zihuabai, NaCl at a low concentration (20 mmol) led to a signifi cant increase in peroxidase (POD) and polyphenoloxiadase (PPO) activities, while in Jingshi-2, the PPO activity decreased progressively with an increase in NaCl concentrations. Genotype Zihuabai exhibited higher tolerance to salt stress than Jingshi-2 under in vitro conditions. These results could be used for preliminary selections of salt tolerance in potato breeding programmes.
Pots experiment was carried out during season 2017 at greenhouse of the Agric. Bot. Dep., Fac. of Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt to evaluate the effect of glycine betaine (GB) application under salinity stress (50 and100 mM Nacl) on growth, physio-chemical analysis and yield of snap bean cv. Bronco. A complete randomized blocks design was used in this search with three replications. Growth parameters, chlorophyll content and green pod yield were significantly decreased with subjecting plants to NaCl. However foliar application of GB detoxified the stress generated by NaCl and significantly improved the above mention parameters. Salinity stress increased the electrolyte leakage (EL) and decreased membrane stability index (MSI) and relative water content (RWC). While foliar application of GB was improved MSI and RWC and minimized EL. Proline content and antioxidant enzymes significantly increased in the response to NaCl stress as well as GB application.
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