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This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of water salinity and nano-silica (NS) and humic acid (HA) on Bermuda grass. The study was carried out under greenhouse and exterior space conditions in a completely randomized design with factorial arrangements. Treatments included 4 water salinity levels (0, 5, 7 and 9 dS/m) and 4 level of NS (0, 1, 2 and 3 mm/l) as well as 4 level of HA (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg/l). Results indicated a decrease in chlorophyll content, and increase in proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and electrolyte leakage (EL) with increasing levels of salinity. The chlorophyll content in greenhouse and exterior space also increased with increasing levels of NS and HA, while proline in two environments, with increasing levels of NS and HA decreased. EL with increasing levels of NS fluctuated, but with increasing levels of HA, it decreased in two environments. With increasing levels of NS, CAT in both environments was eventually decreased after the oscillation, but there was no particular trend in HA levels. With increasing levels of NS and HA, MDA in the greenhouse decreased and in the exterior space – it increased. Finally, by increasing levels of NS and HA, SOD did not show any change in the greenhouse condition, but in the exterior space, the SOD was decreased.
A field experiments were conducted during the two summer seasons of 2015 and 2016 in saline soil (ECe = 9.0 dSm⁻¹), at Fayoum province, Egypt to study the effect of ascorbic (AsA), as foliar application alone or combined with cyanobacteria (CB) on growth, yield, its components and nutritional status of sunflower plants variety Sakha 54. Treatments comprised 2 ascorbic acid (AsA) levels with or without seed inoculation with cyanobacteria (CB). They were 1 mM AsA, 2 mM AsA, 1 mM AsA + CB and 2 mM AsA + CB in addition to the control treatment in which seeds were not received CB and their plants were sprayed with distilled water. Results could be summarized as follows: increasing the addition of ascorbic acid concentration up to 1Mm with combination of CB increased significantly values of growth attributes (e.i., plant height, of leaves no./plant, shoot dry weight and leaf area), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids), physiological responses (total soluble sugars, proline and soluble phenols) as well as the head diameter, seed yield/ plant, 100 seed weight and seed yield (t ha⁻¹). Also, N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn and oil percentage of sunflower seeds with compared to control treatment in both years. Generally, the results in most cases, demonstrate that the all parameters increased significantly by using the concentration of ascorbic acid 1Mm combined with CB in both seasons.
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