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Till now the chemical changes in the rhizosphere have not been well known due to difficulties in precise separation of all roots and rhizosphere from bulk soil. In this review paper, the authors describe major chemical changes in the rhizosphere and propose methods of their investigation. These processes may be studied in plants, grown in soil, in sloped (at 45°) rhizoboxes with removable plexiglass lids. On the side of the transparent lid the roots and soil is covered with agar sheet or filter-paper containing specific reagents and indicators. From colour reactions in contactwith root released substances it is possible to assess the following rhizosphere processes: - pH changes (using a prefixed thin agar sheet - 1% agar containing bromocresol purple or bromocresol green - 1% as pH indicator). - Activity of Al (using complexation of Al by the decolouration of polyacrylamide gel or agar containing Aland aluminon). - Mn⁴⁺ to Mn²⁺ reduction (indicated by the decolouration of filter paper impregnated with Mn oxide). - Fe³⁺ to Fe²⁺ reduction (indicated by the formation of a red coloured complex between Fe²⁺ EDTA and BPDS in an agar medium). - The activity of acid phosphatase (indicated by the formation of a red complex on filter paper containing 1-naphtyl phosphate as substrate and Fast Red TR as specific indicator).
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Rola rizosfery w mineralnym odzywianiu sie roslin

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The biology and chemistry of the soil-root interface (rhizosphere) has recently received increased attention. Of special interest is the identification and quantification of organic and inorganic root exudates, which may alter the flow of nutrients in the rhizosphere mainly via soil pH and ionic concentration changes in the rhizosphere soil. Release of inorganic ions, such as H⁺ abd HCO₃⁻ , resulted from ion uptake by roots directly affects the pH of rhizosphere soil what can modify the acquisition of nutrients by plants. Exudation of organic compounds by roots may influence the ion solubility and uptake through their indirect effects on microbial activity, physical properties of rhizosphere and dynamics of root growth and directly through the acidification, chelation, precipitation and oxidation-reduction reactions in the rhizosphere. Plant roots release a variety of organic substances; however, the water soluble compounds are most readily decomposable substances which serve as a source of nutrients for microbial populations of microorganisms colonizing root surface. The microorganisms in turn can affect the growth and physiology of plants either directly via various microbial metabolites or by modifying the soil-root interface environment. Although the rhizosphere studies are difficult, understanding the biology and chemistry of rhizosphere is essential to determining the mobility and availability of mineral elements at the soil-root interface and their impact on plant nutrition.
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