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An increased worldwide usage of platinum group elements (PGE) has been observed during recent decades. High amounts of PGE are applied in such areas as chemical industry and jewellery production, but the increased demand for these metals primarily depends on the introduction of automobile catalytic converter systems. Catalytic converters have also been considered to be a major source of PGE pollution. The similar Pt:Rh ratio, which is used in these autocatalysts, was found in various environmental samples as well. The present literature review indicates that the concentration of these metals has increased considerably in the last twenty years in different environmental matrices, resulting in ecological and human health risks. Because of the importance of PGE and their trace levels in environmental and biological matrices, sensitive methods are required for reliable determination. Details of the particular steps of analytical procedures for PGE quantification in environmental samples such as road dust, airborne particulate matter, soil, benthic sediments, water, wastewater and biological samples are discussed. Sampling and sample storage and preservation techniques are presented. Moreover, the most frequently used extraction, enrichment, detection and determination procedures for PGE are described.
The water-gas shift reaction performance of Fe2O3, Ru/Fe2O3 catalysts and the same compounds doped with sodium ions was studied. An addition of sodium was found to result in an increase of the ruthenium catalyst activity and stabilization of its surface area during the reduction with the reaction mixture. This series of catalysts was examined by XPS method. The addition of sodium and ruthenium causes an increase in the ionicity of the Fe2O3 lattice, manifested as changes in intensity of peaks of the Fe 2p band.
Cytochrome c is an important electron transfer protein in the respiratory chain, shuttling electrons from cytochrome c reductase to cytochrome c oxidase. Extensive chemical modification studies indicate significant electrostatic interactions between these proteins and show that all structural and conformational changes of cytochrome c can influence the electron transport. In the present work we examine the effect of an anticancer ruthenium complex, trans-Indazolium (bisindazole) tetra- chlororuthenate(III) (HInd[RuInd2Cl4]), on the conformation of cytochrome c, the state of the heme moiety, formation of the protein dimer and on the folding state of apocytochrome c. For this purpose, gel-filtration chromatography, absorption sec­ond derivative spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP(AES)) were used. The present data have revealed that binding of the potential anticancer drug HInd[RuInd2Cl4] complex to cytochrome c induces a conformation of the protein with less organized secondary and tertiary structure.
Our paper reports results of a study on the bioavailability of selected elements from sediments deposited by the tsunami event of 26 December 2004 in south Thailand. In January 2005, 15 samples of the sediments deposited by the tsunami were collected at four different localities. The reference sample was collected in an area not affected by the tsunami. In the acid leachable sediments fraction (the bioavailable fraction) the contents of 27 selected elements (Be, Ga, Bi, Rb, Cs, Sn, Mn, Re, Co, Rh, Ru, Mo, V, Nb, Ta, Zr, Sc, Th, Pt, La, Ce, Nd, Eu, Gd, Tb, Ho, Lu) were determined using ICP-MS. The measurements were repeated after one year to establish a potential effect of the rainy season on the content of these elements in this fraction.
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