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Antimycotic activity of three fern extracts from Hemionitis arifolia (Burm.f.) Moore., Pteridium aquilinum (Linn.) Kuhn. and Christella parasitica (Linn.) H. Lev. were evaluated against groundnut early leaf spot and rust disease causative agents viz., Puccinia arachidis Speg. and Phaeoisariopsis personata (Berk & M.A. Cuortis) Vanarx., espectively by mycelial dry weight method. Both the fungi were sensitive to all the three fern extracts tested. Among the extracts, chloroform extract of H. arifolia was found to have maximum antifungal activity against both fungi. Between these two fungi, P. personata was found to be more sensitive to the tested plant extracts than P. arachidis. From this study it is concluded that chloroform extract from H. arifolia can be utilized for managing rust and leaf spots diseases on groundnut.
W doświadczeniu polowym oceniano fitosanitarną wartość mieszanki złożonej z jęczmienia jarego i grochu siewnego, stanowiącej przedplon dla jęczmienia jarego. Wykazano, że na tle pozostałych przedplonów (ziemniaka, grochu siewnego i jęczmienia jarego) mieszanka ograniczyła występowanie plamistości siatkowej (Helminthosporium teres) na wysiewanym po niej jęczmieniu, stymulowała natomiast porażenie roślin przez patogeny powodujące choroby podsuszkowe (Fusarium spp. i in.) oraz przez mączniaka prawdziwego zbóż i traw (Erysiphe graminis). Zmniejszenie nasilenia plamistości siatkowej (Helminthosporium teres) najwyraźniej uwidoczniło się w stosunku do jęczmienia wysiewanego po sobie. Groch z kolei wpływał ograniczająco na zainfekowanie podstawy źdźbła, głównie przez grzyby z rodzaju Fusarium. Ze względów fitosanitarnych mieszanka jęczmienia jarego z grochem stanowiła lepszy przedplon dla jęczmienia niż jęczmień w siewie czystym.
The occurrence of stem and leaf diseases caused by pathogenic fungi was assessed on a shrot rotation willow plantation in Zabierzów Bocheński near Niepołomice. Willow bushes of different age (five, four, two – year) were cultivated on the plantation. The research was conducted in 2006–2007. Stem cancer caused by Cryptodiaporthe salicella as a willow shoot disease occurred with the higest frequency, while the most important leaf diseases were willow rust (Melamspora spp.) and leaf spotting (Drepanopeziza spp.). The oldest bushes of willow were most severely damaged by shoot and leaf diseases. Monitoring of willow diseases is a necessary strategy for the control of sanitary conditions of willows grown as bioenergetic plants.
The effect of sowing method, row spacing and length of utilization time of perennial ryegrass plantation on disease occurrence were studied. Plants sown in the autumn were significantly healthier than plants in other two treatments in most cases. There was not observed any effect of row spacing on disease occurrence on perennial ryegrass except for leaf spots during the summer estimation. Perennial ryegrass infection with pathogens usually increased in consecutive years of utilization.
The assessment of health state of broadleaf shrubs was carried out in 2008–2009 in three public gardens of Poznań city: Wilson’s Park, Sołacki Park and Raszyński Park. Withering was observed on many plants in 2008 as result of a long-lasting drought. In the summer and autumn of 2008–2009 the following powdery mildews were found: Microsphaera berberidis on Mahonia aquifolium, M. hedwigii on Viburnum lantana, Podosphaera clandestina on Amelanchier spicata and Oidium sp. on Spiraea japonica. Rust caused by the fungus Cumminsiella mirabilissima was also detected on trailing mahonia. In rainy year 2009 the anthracnose was found on shrubs of snowberry (Symphoricarpos albus). In general, the health state of monitored shrubs in the public gardens of Poznań can be regarded as good.
The health status of hawthorns growing in different greenery areas of Poznań was evaluated in 2008–2009. In 2008 rust symptoms caused by Gymnosporangium confusum were observed on both Crataegus monogyna and C. oxyacantha, but in the next year the rust did not occur. In 2009 the powdery mildew caused by Phyllactinia corylea on the lower side of leaves of C. monogyna as well as Entomosporium leaf spot on C. oxyacantha were found. The leaf spot was caused by the fungus Entomosporium maculatum (syn. E. mespili) which has the perfect stage Fabraea maculata (syn. Diplocarpon maculatum). The first symptoms of this disease were small (1–2 mm diameter), brownish spots on the upper side of leaves in the early summer. Rainy weather in May, June and July of 2009 stimulated the development and spread of Entomosporium leaf spot. The defoliation was due to this disease. Conidia of E. maculatum are very characteristic, resembling minute insects.
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Acta Agrobotanica
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2005
|
tom 58
|
nr 2
417-428
In the years 2001-2004, the occurrence of parasitic fungi of plants of the genera Betula and Salix growing in the Słowiński National Park was investigated. The plant species examined included B. pubescens, B. pendula, S. aurita, S. caprea, S. cinerea, S. fragilis, and S. repens. Plants of the genus Betula were affected by 9 species of parasiting fungi. In Poland, three of them (Microsphaera ornata var. europaea, Phyllactinia guttata, Melampsoridium betulinum) occur commonly, five (Asteroma leptothyrioides, Discula betulina, Fusicladium betulae, Phyllosticta betulina, Septoria betulina) are rare, and Septoria betulae-odoratae has not been recorded to date. Three species, Asteroma leptothyrioides, Fusicladium betulae, Phyllosticta betulina), were found on new plant hosts. Plants of the genus Salix were attacked by 8 species of parasiting fungi. Four of them (Melampsora allii-fragilis, M. caprearum, M. epitea, Uncinula adunca var. adunca) are common in Poland, four (Marssonina salicicola, Phyllosticta salicicola, Septoria salicicola, Trimmatostroma betulinum) rarely occur here. Uncinula adunca var. adunca, Marssonina salicicola, Phyllosticta salicicola, Septoria salicicola and Trimmatostroma betulinum were associated with the plant species not reported earlier to be their hosts.
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