Domestic violence is a difficult topic to research and to write about. It is assumed that we know about only a small part of the violent behavior that occurs, because the victims of violence often decide to conceal the experience. From the statistics we have, we nevertheless know that the scale of the problem is serious. In addition, it seems to be a contentious ideological and political issue; in Poland there has been resistance by some groups to ratifying the Istanbul Convention. Experience in other countries and the idiosyncrasies of rural communities in Poland suggest that it might be even more difficult to analyze the problem of domestic violence in rural families. The very small number of studies and publications on this topic seems to prove the hypothesis. The goal of this article is first to present definitions of domestic violence, the scale of the problem, and the steps taken to prevent violence in rural areas in Western countries, and then to present research into violence in rural areas in Poland.
Forests are playing an important role especially for inhabitants of small towns and rural communities. The goal of the research was characterization of the actual means and directions of the use of forest resources by small communities, with emphasis on the importance of women. The objective of the research was to determine most important ways of use of forests in rural areas and their role in social development of families. This paper discusses achievements of survey done in Poland. Data were collected through quantitative questionnaires. A total of more than 1000 female inhabitants responses are statistically worked out and partly presented in this paper.
The study assessed the influence of environmental hazards on the development of rural communities in Abia State. Three research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. The population of the study was 1,772 executive members of 175 Community Development Associations from where a sample of five hundred and nine executive members from 70 Community Development Associations was drawn. Self-structured questionnaire was the instrument used for data collection. It was face validated by two experts in Educational Administration and Educational Measurement/ Evaluation from Abia State University, Uturu. The reliability of the instrument was tested on 25 executive members of Ayamele and Ifite-Ogwari Community Development Associations, both are Local Government Areas in Anambra State. Reliability coefficient of 0.88 was obtained using Cronbach Alpha estimate. The data were analyzed by computing and comparing the mean scores and standard deviation. Also, the null hypotheses were tested using t-test statistics. The findings of the study revealed the influence of deforestation, agricultural development and industries and technology on the environment. The study therefore recommended among others that Abia State Government should organize seminars, workshop and conferences for Community Development Associations executive members and other community leaders on the issues concerning environmental protection.
In the paper, the authors have presented the results of the survey conducted on the households of the Lublin province. The number of the households that have been investigated, totals 624. On the basis of the data that was obtained, it could conclude that the rural areas in Poland have considerable potential for growth. The sense of rootedness, which is the point of departure of the local development, is fairly strong among the peasant families. Vast majority of the people living in the country expresses the will to take action in order to improve the standard of living, and is inclined to devote a great deal of their free time to achieve it. It seems that the education of the local leaders is the necessary element in the construction of the civil society. The survey shows that the inhabitants of the rural areas want to solve their problems together and upgrade the life standard, yet they virtually do not know how to do it and how to begin.