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The paper presents differences and similarities between segetal and ruderal flora in the Olsztyn Lake District. The investigation was conducted in rural areas and in areas of smali towns. 415 taxa of vascular plants were noted altogether in the flora examined. The segetal flora inc1udes 259 species. and the ruderal flora - 334 ones. A comparison between species of those two florae (table l, figure 1),81 species appear in segetal habitats, and 156 in ruderal habitats. Common species, for those two comparsing florae (segetal and ruderal) were 178. The following plants were classified as frequent or common in ruderal habitats of the Olsztyn Lake District, having (under certain conditions) a significant influence on the weed infestation of cultivated fields: Amaranthus retroflexus, Artemisia vulgaris, Atriplex patula, Chamomilla suaveolens, Cirsium arvense, Conyza canadensis, Deseurainia sophia, Galinsoga eiliata, Galinsoga parvyflora, Geranium pusillum, Lapsana eommzmis, Melandrium album, Poa annua, Polygonum avieulare, Rumex crispus, Sisymbrium offceinale, Sonehus arvensis, Sonclzus asp er, Sonehus oleraeeus, Tussilago Jarjara.
In the present paper, the ruderal vegetation of a small town is characterized. Based on phytosociological studies, 43 associations and 5 communities were distinguished in eight functional and spatial complexes. For most of them, the diagnostic communities were identified and compared with the literature. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the type of ruderal community and spatial structure of the town, and to determine whether there are any differences in the ecological requirements of ruderal species found in those complexes based on selected Ellenberg indicator values. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the type of ruderal community and spatial structure of the town, and to determine whether there are any differences in the ecological requirements of ruderal species found in those complexes based on selected Ellenberg indicator values. Differences in median values for different complexes were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test.
Field research on the ruderal flora of fifteen abandoned villages in Kampinos National Park revealed that among the 550 vascular plant species identified, 13% represent the oldest flora settlers, or archeophytes. The number of archeophytes in particular villages varied from 28 to 46. Only 8 species were present in all of the villages: Armoracia rusticana, Ballota nigra, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Descurainia sophia, Geranium pusillum, Malva neglecta, Urtica urens and Viola arvensis. Distribution of the archeophytes in particular villages was generally low. Only Descurainia sophia and Capsella bursa-pastoris were common. The study detected the results of ongoing intensive depopulation in most of the villages followed by a decrease in anthropopressure. The de-synanthropization of the areas studied caused the extinction of several species that were once common. Among the rare and endangered species of synanthropic flora of Kampinos National Park 24 archeophytes were found, including such rare species as Asperugo procumbens, Atriplex rosea, Chenopodium ficifolium and Papaver strigosum.
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