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The response of radish seedlings (Raphanus sativus L. subvar. radicula Pers.), as non-target plant, to various doses of glyphosate applied to root zone was studied in the experiment. The glyphosate was used at concentrations 0.1, 0.5 and 2.0 mM, and the study was conducted on seedlings grown in hydroponic cultures in controlled light and temperature conditions. In the experiment, roots of seedlings were exposed to glyphosate for 4, 7 or 14 days. In order to evaluate the effect of glyphosate, length and biomass of the seedling organs, as well as contents of anthocyanins in hypocotyls and cotyledons have been measured. Glyphosate applied to root zone had considerably higher impact on the growth of the primary root than shoot of radish seedlings. Short-term exposure to glyphosate led to the stimulation of growth and biomass organs of the radish seedling, but such treatment had no effect on the contents of anthocyanins in the cotyledons and hypocotyl. However, after longer exposure to glyphosate a decrease of anthocyanins content in the hypocotyl and its increase in the cotyledons was noted.
The objective of the study was comparison of populations of selected physiological groups of bacteria, and determination of their enzymatic and biochemical activity in soil under a culture of spring barley after the application with effective microorganisms (EM) and without such a treatment. The application of spraying with the EM biopreparation caused an initial decrease in the numbers of most of the studied physiological groups of microorganisms and lowering of the activity of the enzymes under study, after which certain increasing trends were observed.
The main objective of the study was to evaluate inter-annual ring-width variation and cumulative growth of aspen (Populus tremula L.) trees growing on the spots of different soil CO2 concentration at natural mofette site. We hypothesized that growth rate of trees is affected by CO2 concentration within their rooting zone. The study site was situated in the flood plain of Plesná stream near Hartoušov (Western Bohemia). Trees growing in a pure aspen stand were selected according to the CO2-gas regime within their rooting zone. Five high [CO2] trees (10–25% CO2 in the soil) and five low [CO2] trees (up to 3% CO2 in the soil) were sampled. Stem growth analysis of each trunk was carried out to study growth pattern in detail. High and low [CO2] trees significantly differed in a growth rate. At the age of 25 years, the basal area of high [CO2] trees exceeded low [CO2] trees by 39 %. The positive effect of CO2 on annual increment was pronounced particularly in the years with optimal growing conditions. Results suggest that trees can be fertilized not only by elevated atmospheric CO2 but also when fed with CO2 via the roots.
The study presented in this paper was conducted under the conditions of a field experiment. Microbiological analyses were made at various stages of winter wheat plants developmentie heading, milk ripeness and full ripeness. The objective of the study was to acquire knowledge on the effect of cultivation of various lines of winter wheat on the numbers of bacteria and fungi with proteolytic capabilities, on protease and urease activity, and on the rate of the processes of ammonification and nitrification. The results of conducted study demonstrated that the number of proteolytic bacteria and fungi, as well as the activity of protease and urease, and the intensity of ammonification and nitrification processes in soil depended on both the development stage and cultivated line of winter wheat.
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