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1

Use of artificial substrates for sampling benthic macroinvertebrates in the assessment of water quality of large lowland rivers

100%

Czerniawska-Kusza I.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2004

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tom 13

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nr 5

The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the usefulness of the artificial substrate sampler in collecting macroinvertebrates for water quality assessment of Polish lowland rivers. This paper presents the results of a comparative study between two different sampling techniques, i.e. nettings filled with brick as artificial substrates and handnet sampling. The validity of applying the biotic index method is also demonstrated. The Belgian Biotic Index (BBI) method and the lower Nysa Kłodzka river were chosen for study. Macroinvertebrates were collected seasonally at five sampling sites. Although some invertebrate taxa revealed a specific preference for one of the two tested sampling substrates, the artificial substrates and handnet samples had a similar fauna composition. BBI scores were rather insensitive to the different sampling methods used during the study. Taking into account all sampling seasons, 60% of the BBI values for the two sampling techniques were the same and nearly 27% scored one unit lower or higher. This has led to the conclusion that water quality changes of the river ecosystem in Poland can be demonstrated by means of the analyses of macroinvertebrates colonizing artificial substrates.

2

The effects of two shallow reservoirs on the phyto- and bacterioplankton of lowland river

100%

Goldyn R., Szelag-Wasielewska E.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2005

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tom 14

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nr 4

The effect of two different reservoirs on some parameters of river water quality has been studied. The Antoninek Reservoir (wetland-type, mean depth 0.4 m, area 7.2 ha, mean residence time 0.5 day) and the Maltański Reservoir (also not stratified but plankton-type, mean depth 3.1 m, area 64 ha, mean residence time 34 days) are situated on the same river (mean discharge 0.67 m³ s⁻¹). Water of this river, which leaves the hypertrophic Swarzędzkie Lake upstream from the reservoirs, is rich in nutrients and plankton. As it flows through the Antoninek Reservoir it loses most of the phytoplanktonic organisms, measured as chlorophyll-a (70%), mostly due to the shading effect of emergent vegetation. The fraction autotrophic picoplankton (APP) also decreased considerably, both in numbers and biomass (about 68% and 54% on average, respectively). A similar reduction was recorded for the numbers of bacterioplankton (39% on average) and suspended solids (66%). Phytoplankton growth was observed again in the Maltański Reservoir, due to the longer residence time of water and lack of macrophytes. Chlorophyll-a increased by 37%, APP numbers by 120%, their biomass by 154%, while the numbers of bacterioplankton only by 31%. Changes in plankton abundance and biomass as a result of retention of water in a shallow reservoir influenced the quality of outflowing water. Their range strongly depended on the presence of macrophytes within the reservoir.

3

Transport and speciation of PAHs and PCBs in a river ecosystem

100%

Wolska L., Galer K., Namiesnik J.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2003

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tom 12

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nr 1

This paper presents the results of analysis of samples of river water and bottom sediments for PAH and PCB content using previously developed analytical procedures. Conclusions are drawn as to the form and main places of occurrence of the above analytes in the various elements of the river ecosystem (water phase, suspension, bottom sediments). The dependencies which were found between the PAH and PCB concentration in these three phases of the ecosystem suggest that: · PAHs are almost entirely adsorbed on the suspension and their transport in river water occurs mainly with the suspended matter. · PCBs are adsorbed to a lesser degree on the particles of suspended matter, which means that their transport in the river takes place both with the aqueous phase and with the suspended matter. · PAHs accumulate in bottom sediments to a much greater extent than PCBs.

4

The influence of waters from hard-coal mines on the hydrochemical relations of Upper Silesian Coal basin [USCB] rivers

100%

Jankowski A. T.

Geographia Polonica

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1997

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tom 68

5

Effect of a pig farm on the physical and chemical properties of a river and groundwater

100%

Tymczyna L., Chmielowiec-Korzeniowska A., Saba L.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2000

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tom 09

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nr 2

Research has been conducted to evaluate the effect of a large pig farm on the physical and chemical properties of river and groundwater within the close farm vicinity. A river "R" flows in 0.5-1 km distance of a farm border. River water was sampled at three following points: at farm border, sewage intake at decanter of a closed down treatment plant and outside the farm border. The groundwater samples were collected out of the observational network installed to examine physical and chemical properties of groundwater, that is 6 piezometers and a dug well. To do that, some geological bore-holes were made down to 5 m depth. The piezometric examinations showed a significant concentration of nitrogen compounds, phosphates and chlorides in groundwater. Well water showed the contents of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen to exceed the boundary values for drinking water tenfold and figured out at 5.52 mg/dm3 and 100.72 mg/dm3, respectively. The river water examined demonstrated a substantial concentration of ammonium nitrogen (mean 3.25 mg/dm3), nitrite one (0.06 mg/dm3) as well as total suspension (38.39 mg/dm3). The parameters have greatly decreased the examined water purity grade and ranked it among purity grade III.

6

Upper Vistula River: response of aquatic communities to pollution and impoundment. III. Heavy metals in water

100%

Kasza H., Wojtan K.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2002

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tom 50

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nr 2

The following paper is one part of the complex studies and intends to provide the background for explaining the spatial differentiation of plant and animal communities settled in the Upper Vistula River. The study has been conducted from 10.9 to 336.7 km of the river course. Concentrations of the following heavy metals in the river water have been studied: copper, zinc, cadmium, lead, manganese and iron. These investigations indicated that lowest concentrations of heavy metals in the Vistula River corresponded to those found in clean waters while maximal ones in same cases, to their concentrations in heavily polluted water. Comparing the present content of heavy metals in the water of the Upper Vistula River with data gathered 25 years ago, a decrease in concentrations of these elements was found.

7

The problem of quality assessment of surface waters as exemplified by rivers Tywa and Rurzyca

100%

Raczynska M., Zurawska J., Chojnacki J. C.

Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series Fisheries

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2000

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tom 03

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nr 1

The paper describes and compares various (chemical and biological) methods used in Poland for lotic water quality assessment; included are methods which have not been formally approved yet. Based on ecological surveys made in 1996-1998, a quality assessment of water of rivers Tywa and Rurzyca is presented. The assessment allows to conclude that application of a single method leads to a serious misrepresentation of the lotic biota. In both rivers there were sections the water of which, when assessed with physico-chemical methods, appeared much different than when assessed with biological methods in both seasons of studies.

8

Water treatment of the Potok Słuzewski (Słuzewski Stream) in Warsaw as an example of river water quality maintenance in strong anthropopression conditions

84%

Falkowska E., Falkowski T.

Annals of Warsaw Agricultural University. Land Reclamation

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2004

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tom 35a

9

Preliminary study on toxicity of aquatic ecosystems in Bug River Basin

84%

Wolska L., Namiesnik J., Michalska M., Bartoszewicz M.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2008

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tom 17

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nr 5

811-816

Toxicity of water, sediment and sewage in the Bug River Basin was assessed in 2001 (two campaigns) as part of an international monitoring program originating at the ECE/UN (Economic Commission for Europe/United Nations) Convention on the protection and use of trans-boundary waters. Using standardized testing procedures, a battery of tests including plants, bacteria, rotifers and crustaceans were exposed to water, and sediment and sewage samples were collected from monitoring points within the basin. Surface waters within the basin were classified as non-toxic, with the possible exception of samples collected from tributary rivers in the upper Bug River basin and in Terespol. Many of the sewage samples appeared toxic for indicator organisms. The reaction of indicator organisms (toxicity effect) to exposure in a determined sample differed greatly. Comparing the results of the ecotoxicological studies of surface waters and the sewage discharged into these waters, one can observe a distinct influence of the poor ecotoxicological quality of the sewage on the deterioration of the recipient body, i.e. the surface waters. Sediment samples indicated a rather high toxicity for a significant portion of samples, yet these effects were very close in the presence of indicator organisms. Ecotoxicological monitoring perfectly complements chemical monitoring and gives us the possibility to evaluate the toxic impact of pollution on the environment.

10

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Concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd and Ni in the waters of the Narew River and some of its tributaries

84%

Szymczyk S., Grabinska B., Koc-Jurczyk J.

Journal of Elementology

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2007

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tom 12

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nr 3

In the paper, the effects of differences in land use of a catchment and settlements on the variability of heavy metals concentrations (Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd, Ni) in the Narew River and some of its tributaries such as the Biebrza, upper Narew, Pisa, Omulew and Rozoga rivers were studied. The investigations continued from 1997 to 2002. The areas dewatered by the watercources differ considerably in terms of environmental features (forests, wetlands, bogs and water reservoirs), land use (arable lands, grasslands) and population (man-made areas). The total catchment of the Narew River at the cross-section in Zamski Kościelne was also taken into account. The urban areas make up from 0.5% of the Rozoga River to 2.5% of the upper Narew catchment. Water samples were collected quarterly (April, July, October and January) from four study sites located near the river mouth and were analyzed for Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd and Ni by the AAS method. The results showed that concentrations of Pb, Cu, Cd and Ni increased along the Narew River due to the accumulation of the elements in water. A significant influence on high heavy metal concentrations in water was produced by the town of Białystok, a source of large amounts of municipal pollutants discharged into the river. This mainly affected the content of Zn, as the highest pollution with this element was detected in the upper Narew River. The lowest Zn concentrations were observed in the Omulew River water, where forests dominated in the area, covering more than 48% of the catchment. The research showed that wetlands and lakes significantly decreased Pb, Cu, Cd and Ni concentrations in flowing water, but the presence of large inhabited areas with dense population and municipal pollution increased concentrations of heavy metals in river water.

11

Using biological methods to determine pollution sources of the Vilnia River

84%

Kazlauskiene N., Marciulioniene D., Virbickas T.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2008

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tom 17

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nr 1

163-167

The objective of the study was to investigate pollution sources in the Vilnia River and evaluate the toxicity of sewage, contamination of the Vilnia River water and bottom sediments, using a complex of biological methods. Toxicity was assessed by use of various indices of test-organisms: seed germination and root growth in Lepidium sativum L., and mortality and physiological indices in early ontogenesis (embryos and larvae) of Oncorhynchus mykiss L. Changes in biological indices of Lepidium sativum L. and embryos and larvae of Oncorhynchus mykiss L. demonstrated that sewage of an identified point of the pollution source and the water of the Vilnia River 300 m downstream from the pollution source, bottom sediments of the Vilnia River nearby the pollution source and 300 m downstream from the pollution source could be defined as toxic.

12

Using macrophytes as trophic state indicators in upland river waters: a case study of the Czarna Maleniecka River

84%

Kopec D., Dalkowski R., Urbaniak P.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2010

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tom 39

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nr 1

119-129

13

Effects of mining activities on river water quality

84%

Richter P., Pecharova E.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2013

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tom 22

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nr 4

The purpose of this work was to assess development of the quality of surface water in the Svatava River in the Czech Republic from 1997 to 2008. Parameters typical for pollution as a result of mining activities (SO 2-4 , Fe, Mn) were monitored, as well as select heavy metals (Pb and Cd). A falling tendency in the values of annual averages of all the monitored indicators in all profiles is apparent. The least polluted water is in the profiles Hranice and Kraslice on the upper course of the Svatava River. Conversely, the most polluted water is in the Sokolov profile, in front of the site where the Svatava River flows into the Ohře. This applies to all the monitored indicators of the Sokolov profile that the greatest pollution values were recorded during 1997 and 2002, and for sulphurs also in 1999 and 2003. The analyzed ion concentrations are still significantly higher than in other profiles, with the exception of lead and cadmium, where pollution is the greatest in the Oloví profile. However, in 2008 the measured values for all indicators did not exceed valid limits.

14

Chemical monitoring of the Niemica River supplying the Kamien Bay waters

84%

Wira D., Wira J.

Baltic Coastal Zone. Journal of Ecology and Protection of the Coastline

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2004

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tom 08

15

Non-carcinogenic risks induced by heavy metals in water from a Chinese river

84%

Liu N., Zhu Q.-Y., Qian X., Yang L., Dai M.-Z., Jiang X.-Q., Li N., Sun L., Liu Z.-C., Lu G.-F.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2012

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tom 21

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nr 4

Our study assessed the non-carcinogenic risks of heavy metals in the sources of drinking water treatment plants located along Huaihe River in Jiangsu Province, China. High-resolution inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy were used to determine the levels of eight metals in the water from 30 treatment plants. Non-carcinogenic risks induced by the metals were assessed using the methods recommended by the Environmental Protection Agency of the United States. Among the metals, Fe had the highest concentration and Pb contributed most to the average hazard index (HI) of 30 TWTPs. Except Pb, each metal had an average concentration below the permissible limit of China and the United States. The induced non-carcinogenic risks showed temporal and spatial variations. This study revealed that the metals in the tap water induced negligible public health risks for local residents.

16

Changes in mercury content in waters of the Narew River and some of its tributaries

84%

Grabinska B., Koc J.

Journal of Elementology

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2007

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tom 12

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nr 4

269-279

Although some small amounts of mercury in surface water come from natural environment, much higher quantities originate from anthropogenic sources, including industry and agriculture. Mercury readily accumulates in bottom sediments, from which it can return to water, which can be a serious cause of mercury pollution even after other mercury sources are removed from a river’s drainage basin. Concentration of mercury was examined in river waters flowing from basins characterised by different land use and population density. Samples of water were collected from two right tributaries of the Narew River, called the Pisa and the Biebrza, and at six sites in the middle section of the main river. The areas drained by these three rivers lie within the ecosystem known as the Green Lungs of Poland. It was found that the average mercury concentration in the waters of the Narew and its tributaries ranged between 0.3 and 0.9 pg dm-3, being only slightly higher than the concentrations typical of unpolluted territories. The highest mercury content occurred in spring and in the waters from agricultural-forested basins with large towns. Changes in the mercury outflow were associated with accumulation of household pollutants downstream, atmospheric conditions as well as the content of organic matter and suspended solids in the river waters. Low concentration of mineral suspension and organic substance carried by the Pisa River significantly depressed the mercury content in the water of this river. In the Biebrza River, the concentration of both organic and mineral substance was directly proportional to the content of mercury.

17

Microbiological assessment of abattoir effluent on water quality of River Katsina-Ala, Nigeria

84%

Addy V. J., Kabough T. J., Mohammed H. K., Aliyu I.

International Letters of Natural Sciences

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2015

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tom 39

Gram-negative bacteria isolated from the abattoir effluent on surface water of River Katsinaala in rainy and dry seasons were Escherichia coli; Klebsiella spp; Proteus vulgaris; Salmonella typhi and Gram-positive bacterium isolated was Streptococcus faecalis. In rainy season, the lowest mean bacterial count was from E.coli (0.0067+0.031 CFU/ml) and highest mean bacterial count from Salmonella typhi (0.0262+0.0079 CFU/ml). In the dry season, lowest mean bacterial count was from Proteus vulgaris (0.0081+ 0.0047 CFU/ml) and the highest from Streptococcus faecalis (0.0097+ 0.05 CFU/ml). The presence of Escherichia coli indicates possible faecal contamination. The results revealed that bacterial load was within the accepted maximum limit by WHO (2004); nevertheless, the disease causing bacteria pose threat to human health when water from the river is consumed without treatment.

18

Assessment of the toxicity and genotoxicity of Vistula river water at selected points in Warsaw using Allium test

84%

Obidorska G., Lichmira K.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Horticulture and Landscape Architecture

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2013

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tom 34

19

Influence of selected physicochemical factors on the degradation of PAHs in water

84%

Swietlik R., Kowalczyk D., Dojlido J.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2002

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tom 11

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nr 2

The influence of selected physicochemical factors on the degradation of five PAHs in river water and distilled water was tested. Even in darkness, in distilled water some losses of PAHs were observed, different for various compounds, from 22% to 41% after 21 days. Aeration with air increased the losses of PAHs. But very high degradation was found when samples were irradiated with light, for some PAHs up to 90%. The loss of PAHs in river water occurred much faster then in distilled water. The changes in PAH concentrations in distilled water could be described by first order reaction. The equation was proposed and the half-lives were calculated. In river water two stages of degradation were noticed. The different PAHs showed the different degradation, the fastest process was for benzo[a]pyrene and indeno[c,d]pyrene.

20

The freshening history of a brackish water bay described by sediment diatoms

84%

Eloranta P.

Oceanological Studies

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1999

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tom 28

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nr 1-2

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