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1

Positions of septal papillary muscles in human hearts

100%
Jezyk D., Duda B., Jerzemowski J., Grzybiak M.
Folia Morphologica
|
2010
|
tom 69
|
nr 2
Septal papillary muscles, similarly to other papillary muscles, are essential elements of the heart valvular system. Damage to their structure may lead to a considerable life risk. Of all the papillary muscles, the septal papillary muscles are characterized by the greatest topographical and morphological variability. However, information about these muscles is scarce and fragmentary. The objective of this study was to ascertain their occurrence and the region in which they are placed in the inter-ventricular septum. One hundred and eleven human hearts were examined. The hearts belonged to the Clinical Anatomy Department of the Medical University of Gdańsk. They were fixed in formalin with ethanol and came from middle-aged and older individuals of both sexes, devoid of pathological changes and birth defects. During the tests, classic anatomical methods were applied. The region where the papillary muscles are found covers a sizeable surface of the septum, from the conus arteriosus up to the back angle of the right chamber. Depending on their location the following septal papillary muscles (musculi papillares septales, MPS) were singled out: 1) lying on the front wall of the septum (anterior papillares septales), 2) in the central part of the septum (central muscles), and 3) in the posterior section of the septum (posterior papillares septales). A trial to determine the types of MPS was based on this diversity of location. Consequently, five types of MPS were specified: type I: anterior–central (44.1%); type II: anterior (15.3%); type III: anterior–posterior (13.5%); type IV: anterior–central–posterior (24.3%); and type V: uniform (2.75%). This study is an attempt to systematize and standardize the terminology of these structures. (Folia Morphol 2010; 69, 2: 101–106)
2

Remarks on the morphology of the papillary muscles of the right ventricle

88%
Skwarek M., Hreczecha J., Grzybiak M., Kosinski A.
Folia Morphologica
|
2005
|
tom 64
|
nr 3
176-182
In addition to the papillary muscles of right ventricle referred to in anatomical nomenclature, namely the anterior, posterior and septal, we have distinguished the “conal papillary muscle” and the “papillary muscle of the posterior angle of the right ventricle”. The conal papillary muscle was described by Luschka in the 17th century as the most constant of the septal papillary muscles. We have distinguished the muscles of the posterior angle of the right ventricle as muscles which would not be clearly classified as either septal or posterior muscles. Moreover, the muscles of the posterior angle of the right ventricle are probably associated with the transfer of the papillary muscles from the septum to the posterior wall of the right ventricle during phylogenetic evolution. Some researchers have classified them with the septal papillary muscles [11, 12], while others have assigned them to the posterior group [5]. The morphology of the muscles was classified using earlier categories for the posterior papillary muscles only. We have adopted the concept of multi-apical and multi-segmental muscles [5].
3

Morphology of the anterior papillary muscle in the right ventricle in human heart

75%
Podlecki K.
Folia Morphologica
|
1987
|
tom 46
|
nr 3-4
4

The septomarginal trabecula in the human fetal heart

75%
Nowinski J., Grzybiak M., Kuta W.
Folia Morphologica
|
1998
|
tom 57
|
nr 1
5
Content available remote

Effect of atrial pacing on the level of bioactive sphingolipids in the heart ventricles of the rat

63%
Wojcik B., Baranowski M., Chabowski A., Gorski J.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
|
2015
|
tom 66
|
nr 3
6

Basic axes of human heart in correlation with heart mass and right ventricular wall thickness

63%
Skwarek M., Grzybiak M., Kosinski A., Hreczecha J.
Folia Morphologica
|
2006
|
tom 65
|
nr 4
385-389
A comparison of the data published in anatomy textbooks and anthropological tables does not reveal any change in basic heart dimensions during the period since the beginning of the 20th century to nowadays. However, normal values of many other parameters have changed up to 30% over the same period. These changes may be caused by the acceleration phenomenon or the extension of average lifespan. The progress of laboratory medicine methodology permitted the introduction of new biochemical tests in myocardial infarct diagnosis, such as myoglobin and troponins T and I measurement, as well as better understanding of cardiac metabolism. Parameters describing the direction and intensity of metabolic changes are substrate extraction and metabolic equilibrium. The expression describing metabolic equilibrium contains heart mass value. Therefore, as studying heart mass in vivo is not possible, it may be important to study it in vitro. The study was performed on a group of 107 formalin-fixed human hearts. The organs came from adults of both sexes: 30 women and 77 men, aged 18 to 90 years. None of the hearts carried signs of macroscopic developmental abnormalities or pathologic changes.
7

Case report of dirofilariasis in grey wolf in Serbia

63%
Gavrilovic P., Blitva-Robertson G., Ozvegy J., Kiskaroly F., Bacskei Z.
Acta Parasitologica
|
2015
|
tom 60
|
nr 1
8

Provision of tricuspid valve leaflets by septal papillary muscles in the right ventricle of human and other mammal hearts

63%
Jezyk D., Jerzemowski J., Grzybiak M.
Folia Morphologica
|
2003
|
tom 62
|
nr 3
309-311
Leaflets of the tricuspid valve are provided by tendinous cords extending from the papillary muscles. The situation is complicated with the septal muscles, which generally occur in two groups, one as constant musculus coni arteriosi and the second as other variable septal muscles. We tested whether there is a variability in the provision of the tricuspid valve in different taxonomical groups of mammals. The material examined consisted of 299 hearts of mammals (Primates, Ungulata, Carnivora, Lagomorpha, Rodentia, Marsupialia). The musculus coni arteriosi in the majority of mammals provided only the front leaflet, but among Ungulata and Rodentia it provided simultaneously the front and septal leaflet. The other septal muscles provided the front, septal and even back leaflets. The following regularity was observed: in the hearts of Primates provision of the front leaflet and the front part of the septal leaflet predominated, among Ungulata the muscles provided the middle part of the septal leaflet, but among the other mammals the rest of the septal muscles provided, significantly, the back part of the septal leaflet. Such a provision was characteristic for predators, hares, rodents and marsupials. These circumstances may allow the conclusion to be drawn that there is a taxonomical dependence in the provision of the tricuspid valve in the hearts of the mammals under examination.
9

The morphology of the right atrioventricular valve in the adult human heart

63%
Skwarek M., Hreczecha J., Dudziak M., Grzybiak M.
Folia Morphologica
|
2006
|
tom 65
|
nr 3
200-208
Studies of the morphometry and normal anatomy of the tricuspid valve are in constant demand. Knowledge of the morphology of the normal tricuspid valve may be useful, for example in the context of the transfer of a leaflet of the tricuspid valve for repair or insufficiency of the mitral valve, in repair of the tricuspid valve after blunt chest trauma and in other surgical techniques of this region. In this study, performed in a group of 107 formalin-fixed adult human hearts, we attempted to assess the form and number of the main and accessory cusps in the tricuspid valve. Rare anatomical variants of the tricuspid valve were found. Using a planimeter we evaluated the surface area of the tricuspid valve and particular leaflets. With the help of a Vernier scale we measured the length and height of individual leaflets of the tricuspid valve and the length of the commissures. No differences were found between the length of the anterior and septal leaflets. The posterior leaflet was the shortest, while the anterior leaflet was the widest and had the largest surface area. The posterior leaflet was wider than the septal leaflet and had the smallest surface area. No differences were found between the main and accessory leaflets in the length of the commissures.
10

Formation of the supraventricular crista in human ontogenesis

63%
Nowinski J., Grzybiak M., Kuta W.
Folia Morphologica
|
1998
|
tom 57
|
nr 1
11

Notes on the morphology of the tricuspid valve in the adult human heart

63%
Skwarek M., Grzybiak M., Kosinski A., Hreczecha J.
Folia Morphologica
|
2004
|
tom 63
|
nr 3
Rapid progress in the field of interventional cardiology has caused research in the field of morphometry of the heart to be in constant demand [7–10, 12]. In this study, performed on a group of 75 adult human hearts, the authors have attempted to assess the form and number of the main and accessory cusps in the tricuspid valve. We have classified particular forms into 8 groups, depending on the number of cusps and we have divided the cusps into 3 main groups, depending on the support of the chordae tendineae.
12
Content available remote

Upregulation of angiotensin AT1a receptors mRNA in the heart and renal medulla after myocardial infarction in rats

63%
Milik E., Szczepanska-Sadowska E., Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska A., Dobruch J., Morton M., Koperski L.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
|
2006
|
tom 57
|
nr 3
The myocardial infarct causes prolonged activation of the renin-angiotensin system and profoundly influences cardiac performance and renal excretory capabilities. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the myocardial infarct is also associated with an altered expression of AT1a receptors (AT1aR) mRNA in the heart and the kidney. To this end male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected either to the left coronary artery ligation or to the sham surgery. Four weeks after the surgery the animals were sacrificed. In 11 infarcted and 10 sham-operated rats expression of AT1aR mRNA in the walls of the left and right ventricle of the heart, and in the renal cortex and renal medulla was determined by semiquantitative PCR method. In another group of 10 infarcted and 14 sham-operated rats the diameter of cardiomyocytes in the left and right cardiac ventricle was determined. The size of the infarct in the rats used for mRNA determination and for morphometric measurements was equal to 29.4 ± 1.8% and to 31.0 ± 1.2 % of the left ventricular wall, respectively. Expression of AT1aR mRNA was significantly greater in the left (P< 0.01) and right ventricle (P<0.03) of the heart in the infarcted than in the sham operated rats. AT1aR mRNA expression was also significantly greater (P<0.02) in the renal medulla of the infarcted rats than in the renal medulla of the sham operated rats whereas no significant difference was found in the renal cortex. The myocardial infarct was associated with a significant increase of diameter of cardiomyocytes of the left ventricle of the heart (P < 0.0001), however there was no significant correlation between changes in AT1aR mRNA expression and diameter of cardiomyocytes. The results provide evidence that the myocardial infarct results in significant and prolonged upregulation of AT1a receptors mRNA expression in the heart and in the medullary region of the kidney.
13

Unusual anatomical features of the right atrioventricular valve

51%
Skwarek M., Hreczecha J., Grzybiak M., Kosinski A.
Folia Morphologica
|
2005
|
tom 64
|
nr 3
183-187
Despite the great interest taken in the tricuspid valve, the anatomical literature on the subject still leaves much open to question. The aim of this study was to describe the natural foramina which are present in the leaflets of the tricuspid valve, as well as, well — founded onto — and phylogenetically lack of continuity of its attachment and the frenula of the tricuspid valve. We studied the frequency of occurrence and morphology of these features of the tricuspid valve in 107 adult hearts.
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