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Diving behavior reduces genera richness of lice [Insecta, Phthiraptera] of mammals

100%

Felso B., Rozsa L.

Acta Parasitologica

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2007

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tom 52

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nr 1

Lice of mammals spend the entire life cycle in the host hair, thus, the microclimate found near the mammal skin is likely to influence the structure of louse communities. Here we use a comparative approach to examine the effect of mammals’ diving behavior on the taxonomic richness of their lice. We compared the mean genera richness of lice, and — as potential confounding variables — the mean species richness of host, and the mean body mass of host between diving clades and their non-diving sister clades. Louse genera richness was significantly lower in clades of aquatic mammals than on their non-diving sister clades. Host species richness was not significantly different between these clades. Body mass was significantly higher in clades of aquatic mammals, however, the direction of this difference cannot explain the difference in parasite taxonomic richness. This study suggests that mammals’ diving behavior can effectively shape their ectoparasite communities.

2

Species richness, biomass production and recent vegetation changes of Estonian floodplain grasslands

84%

Truus L., Puusild E.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2009

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tom 57

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nr 1

33-45

We studied vegetation diversity and standing biomass in relation to site moisture (moist, wet) and different management regimes (regularly mown (A), recently abandoned (B), un-mown for at least 15 years but with mowing re-introduced recently (C), and abandoned for at least 15 years without re-introduction of mowing (D)) on floodplain grasslands in Soomaa National Park, SW Estonia. A flexible quadrate size (area inhabited by 500 ramets) was used for the estimation of life-form distribution, species richness, ramet density and weight of standing biomass. The size of the actual species pool (Spool) was also estimated and relative richness (Srel500), mean plant unit area (PUA), plant unit biomass (PUB), ramet density per square metre and standing dry biomass per square metre were calculated. Additionally, changes in Estonian floodplain grassland vegetation between the 1960s and the 1990s were analysed by comparing the life-form distribution of frequent species on floodplain grasslands in the 1960s and 1990s. Life-form distribution depended both on moisture conditions and on the management regime. Tussock-forming graminoids dominated in regularly mown moist sites and long-term unmown wet sites, while mat-forming graminoids dominated in sites with irregular management. The proportion of herb ramets was highest in unmanaged moist sites without regular mowing. In general, the life-form composition of floodplain grassland flora has shifted from low-growing herbaceous plants to tall-growing herbaceous plants during the abandonment period (from 1960s to 1990s). The effect of site moisture on the standing biomass-species richness relation and PUA was not significant, but the effect of the management regime was notable. PUA varied tenfold (mean 2.6 cm² at moist sites with the management regime B but was 25.2 cm² at un-managed wet sites). Dry standing biomass varied threefold depending on the management regime (from 263 to 763 g m⁻²). Ramet density, PUA, PUB, Spool, and life-form distribution on plots with recently re-introduced mowing (regime C) differed significantly from those of plots with regime D but did not differ from regularly mown plots (regime A). Management cessation led to a change in life-form distribution. Dominance of certain lifeforms depended on site moisture but the most obvious change was the increase of vegetation height.

3

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Richness and diversity of odonates of the agricultural college and research institute, Vazhavachanur, Tamilnadu, India

84%

Radhakrishnan V., Arulprakash R., Parivarthani I., Ponnivalavan S., Priyadharshini M., Pandiyan M.

Acta Biologica

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2020

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tom 27

4

Pursuing parasites up the food chain: Implications of food web structure and function on parasite communities in aquatic systems

84%

Marcogliese D. J.

Acta Parasitologica

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2001

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tom 46

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nr 2

5

The dependence of biomass on richnes of soils in the beech forest of the Eastern Carpathians

84%

Kozak I., Holubets M.

Forestry

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1999

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tom 02

6

Succession of fungi associated with decomposition of leaf litter in tropical evergreen forest (North-Eastern Thailand)

67%

Purahong W., Lerstaveesin P., Ampornpan L.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2010

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tom 58

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nr 3

The richness and diversity of filamentous fungi associated with the decomposition of leaf litter of three tree species (Castanopsis accuminatissima, Styrax benzoides, and Dipterocarpus (grancilis) in evergreen tropical forest in the northeast of Thailand were studied at 6 and 12 months after leaf fall. A total of 125 taxa were identified through examining 4,362 isolates. These comprised 6 species of Zygomycetes, 19 species of Ascomycetes, 62 species of Deuteromycetes, and 38 taxa of unidentified sterile mycelium. Each decaying stage of leaf litter had a different composition of taxonomic groups. The average percent similarity between fungi assemblages of different species litter and of decomposition stage ranged between 37–44% and 6–13%, respectively. The majority of fungal taxa found had a low frequency of occurrence. Six month decaying leaves had the highest number (2,093) of fungal isolates but the fungal taxa number (35) was much lower than in freshly fallen leaves and equal to 12 month decaying leaves. The freshly fallen leaves gave the lowest number (1,103) of isolates but the number (69) of fungal taxa was much higher than that found in the 6 month and 12 month decaying leaves. The most dominant fungal taxon was Trichoderma koningii. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index showed that the initial diversity (H’) of fungal taxa from freshly fallen leaves was the highest and equals to 2.9, 2.8 and 3.0 in C. accuminatissima, S. benzoides, and D. (grancilis) respectively.

7

Altitudinal patterns of vascular plant richness in high mountains: applying of generative additive model

67%

Tu W.-G., Gao X.-F., Wu N., Liu S.-H.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2010

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tom 58

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nr 2

To explore and describe the species richness patterns along altitudinal, high mountain gradients, two transects – northern exposure (YG) and southern exposure (TD) at Mt. Jiuding (1200–4200 m) in Western China (31º13’– 31º46’N, 103º29’–104º05’E) were selected. They differ from south to north in climate conditions and vegetation zonation, and each transect was sampled according to a uniform method. Every 200 m along the altitudinal gradient we set a sampling belt of 3000 m × 5 m to record the tree species, and 30 plots of 5 m × 5 m within every vegetation belt were used to investigate shrub and herb species. We compared the composition of plant species and calculated the coefficient of similarity between the two transects. A Generalized Additive Model (GAM) was used to describe the richness patterns. For the whole Mt. Jiuding, the richness at all three levels (species, genus and family) showed a monotonically decreasing pattern. As for the different growth forms, richness of the trees, shrubs and pteridophytes showed hump-shaped patterns; and herbs showed a slow decreasing pattern along the altitudinal gradients. In TD transect, the richness of species, genus and family also showed monotonically decreasing patterns; tree richness decreased with the increase of altitude; the shrub richness showed a humpshaped pattern; but pteridophytes and other herbs showed wave-like patterns. In YG transect, altitudinal gradient of richness at different taxonomic levels all showed hump-shaped patterns; and the species richness patterns for different growth forms peaked at middle attitude except for the graminoids and other herbs. The evolutionary history of the vegetation in Mt. Jiuding was quite consistent, and different richness patterns along altitudinal gradients might be resulted from different contemporary ecological conditions. Human disturbance and different range of altitudinal gradients were also important factors for different richness patterns between the two transects. In our study, species in different growth forms showed different altitudinal patterns, but those species with similar requirements to environmental conditions showed similar richness patterns along altitudinal gradients.

8

Impact of different crop management systems on the richness of the communities of the above ground insects and soil insect larvae

67%

Szeflinska D., Jastrzebski A., Karg J.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Biological Sciences

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2003

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tom 51

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nr 1

9

Scots pine forests of the Vaccinio-Piceetea class in Europe: forest sites studied

67%

Solon J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2003

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tom 51

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nr 4

The paper presents: a) the general differentiation of the pine forests of Europe, and b) the floristic differentiation of the ten study sites, located along the transect stretching between 50°28′ and 70°09′ N, as well as c) the relations between the geographical location and the climatic characteristics on the one hand, and the selected features of the richness and species diversity of the herb layer on the other. One can observe a dependence (p < 0.05) between the temperature and latitude on the one hand, and the number of species from some groups on the other. For the vascular plants, the indicators of linear correlation amount to, respectively, 0.64 and -0.63 (the number of the vascular species of the herb layer increases with the warming of climate and the movement towards the South), and for the numbers of lichen species: -0.81 and 0.78 (the dependencies have the opposite directions to the previous ones). The variability of the relative shares of the particular species groups is correlated with geographical location and climatic variables. Three basic patterns of spatial variability can in this context be identified. The first of these is represented by the share of the lignified chamaephytes (dwarfshrubs). In accordance with this pattern, the minimum shares are observed at the latitudes of Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. The second pattern of variability is represented by the shares of hemicryptophytes. In accordance with this pattern the maximum shares are observed between 53° and 56° N. The third pattern of variability is represented, in particular, by the share of the evergreen species which is proportional to the latitude.

10

Wpływ przechowywania wędzonek w temperaturze bliskiej krioskopowej i w stanie zamrożonym na ich jakość sensoryczną

51%

Szmanko T., Duda Z., Szczepanski J.

Żywność Nauka Technologia Jakość

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2004

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tom 11

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nr 1

105-119

Oceniono jakość sensoryczną przetworów mięsnych przechowywanych w niebarierowym opakowaniu pergaminowym. Wędzonki (szynka, baleron, boczek) magazynowano w formie peklowanych półproduktów, w temperaturze bliskiej krioskopowej (-3ºC) przez 4 tygodnie i w temp. -18ºC przez 4 i 8 tygodni. Materiał doświadczalny przechowywano również w formie wyrobów finalnych w ww. zakresach temperatury (-3, -18ºC) przez 4 i 8 tygodni. Po ukończeniu składowania półprzetwory wędzono i poddawano obróbce cieplnej. Oceniano je także po dodatkowym 7-dobowym magazynowaniu w chłodziarce (w temp. 3ºC). Przechowywanie wędzonek w doświadczalnych warunkach nie powodowało dyskwalifikującego pogorszenia ich jakości sensorycznej.

11

Porownanie jakosci sensorycznej jablek z produkcji ekologicznej i konwencjonalnej oraz po przechowywaniu

43%

Adamczyk M., Rembialkowska E., Wasiak-Zys G.

Żywność Nauka Technologia Jakość. Suplement

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2006

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tom 13

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nr 2

11-19

Celem pracy było porównanie jakości sensorycznej jabłek odmiany Jonagold i Idared z produkcji ekologicznej i konwencjonalnej po zbiorze i po przechowywaniu w chłodni. Ocenę sensoryczną wykonano metodą ilościowej analizy opisowej (QDA) i w kategoriach jakości konsumenckiej (ocena preferencji). Do opisania jakości zastosowano 11 wyróżników wytypowanych przez zespół ekspertów. W ocenie konsumenckiej zastosowano metodę parzystą. Odmiany jabłek różniły się pod względem wielu wyróżników sensorycznych m.in. zapachu kwaśnego, słodko-nektarowego oraz zapachu innych owoców, a także twardości, soczystości, smaku słodkiego, kwaśnego i aromatyczno-jabłkowego oraz jakości ogólnej. Metoda uprawy nie wpłynęła na jakość sensoryczną badanych odmian. Proces przechowywania przyczynił się do obniżenia jakości sensorycznej obu badanych odmian jabłek, a w szczególności ich zapachu słodko-nektarowego, zapachu innych owoców oraz trawiastego, twardości, soczystości, smaku słodkiego, kwaśnego i aromatyczno- jabłkowego oraz jakości ogólnej. W ocenie konsumenckiej jabłka ekologiczne różniły się od owoców wyprodukowanych metodami konwencjonalnymi pod względem barwy skórki w przypadku odmiany Jonagold.

Ograniczanie wyników

Diving behavior reduces genera richness of lice [Insecta, Phthiraptera] of mammals

Species richness, biomass production and recent vegetation changes of Estonian floodplain grasslands

Richness and diversity of odonates of the agricultural college and research institute, Vazhavachanur, Tamilnadu, India

Pursuing parasites up the food chain: Implications of food web structure and function on parasite communities in aquatic systems

The dependence of biomass on richnes of soils in the beech forest of the Eastern Carpathians

Succession of fungi associated with decomposition of leaf litter in tropical evergreen forest (North-Eastern Thailand)

Altitudinal patterns of vascular plant richness in high mountains: applying of generative additive model

Impact of different crop management systems on the richness of the communities of the above ground insects and soil insect larvae

Scots pine forests of the Vaccinio-Piceetea class in Europe: forest sites studied

Wpływ przechowywania wędzonek w temperaturze bliskiej krioskopowej i w stanie zamrożonym na ich jakość sensoryczną

Porownanie jakosci sensorycznej jablek z produkcji ekologicznej i konwencjonalnej oraz po przechowywaniu