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The objective of the paper is to present the changes in capital resources (in the form of foreign direct investment), which were located in the Czech food industry and the assessment of development trends in the inflow of FDI into the food industry in the years 2002-2011. The analyses conducted show that in the period considered, the Czech food industry was neglected by foreign investors, if compared with other manufacturing industries. The cumulative value of foreign investment in this industry estimated at the end of 2011 amounted to EUR 2.3 billion, which accounted for 7.9% of the capital resources (in the form of FDI) invested in the manufacturing sector.
The population of Adonis vernalis in the Niecka Nidziańska basin has been described. The distribution of its resources, habitat requirements, threats and possibilities of protection are discussed. The occurrence of the species at 73 localities is confirmed. The development and persistence of the entire population depend on the dynamics of natural phytocoenoses in which grows. Resources, surface areas and development dynamics differ in individual subpopulations. Guidelines for collecting Adonis vernalis herb as a pharmacological material are given. Despite the number of the localities, the plant is under threat by overgrowing with bushes and resulting changes in light conditions as well as by frequent and excessive burning of xerothermic grasslands.
The phytosociological database Polish Vegetation Database collects relevés of all vegetation types in Poland. The database was established in 2007 and is located at Department of Biodiversity and Plant Cover Protection, University of Wrocław (http://synbiot.uni.wroc.pl). On March 2012, the database included 40000 relevés collected between 1927 and 2011. Most of relevés was taken from published papers and represents almost all types of habitats of Poland. Large groups of relevés represent meadows and pastures (Molinio-Arrhnehteretrea), broadleaf forests (Querco-Fagetea), arable land communities (Stellarietea), coniferous forests (Vaccinio-Piceetea) and eutrophic reed communities (Phragmitetea). In comparison to other countries in Central Europe, Polish Vegetation Database currently belongs to medium-sized databases, with full functionality and accessibility. The present article describes its development, basic operational information and how it can be used in analysis of vegetation in Poland.
Detailed knowledge of the foraging behaviour of endangered species, especially in relation to available resources, may be useful in conservation management. I studied the year-round foraging behaviour of the White- backed Woodpecker in broadleaved, primeval Białowieża Forest (NE Poland), and investigated how foraging time was divided among various substrates and foraging techniques. Of the 13 tree species used for foraging, woodpeckers were most frequently recorded utilising the three most common tree species: hornbeam Carpinus betulus, lime Tilia cordata and spruce Picea abies (totalling 61-68% of observed time), and the proportional use of tree species did not change seasonally. Observations of birds foraging on snags increased and foraging on fallen trees decreased from spring to winter. Foraging was most frequently recorded on dead substrates (72-85%), usually those covered with bark. Mean time of foraging on an individual tree increased significantly from spring to winter. The foraging techniques most often used by woodpeckers were bark-pecking (29-11%) and superficial wood-pecking (12-27%). During winter, foraging techniques did not change significantly in relation to weather. These results suggest that forest stand composition is less important to this species than tree condition. Most broadleaved tree species and, under some conditions, spruce can be utilised for foraging by this woodpecker if they provide dead or dying substrates.
This paper presents floristic richness of medicinal plants occurring in Górzno-Lidzbark Landscape Park (NE Poland). More important medicinal species were set out in four habitat groups with profile of population resources and evaluation of their dynamic tendencies included. Furthermore, natural and anthropogenic (forest management) factors effecting increase or decrease in these plants’ population resources were pinpointed. Species with large population resources that may be acquired for medicinal reasons from the area of the Park were selected.
This article is written to verify the hypothesis which states that the share of land used by farms within the surface of cities and their scope of production usage are determined by the mechanism of land rents. It can be noted that in big cities (above 500 thousands of inhabitants) and in cities with a concentration of companies from non-agricultural sector, the share of agricultural lands is above 8.5 and 5.1 percentage points lower than in the researched city population. It should also be mentioned that in these units above 35% of agricultural lands are not used agriculturally, whereas in Polish cities, on average, this proportion amounts up to about 28%. Upmost importance to the use of lands in cities is also attached to speculative actions and public intervention, which are prevalent in big cities and cities with a large number of companies from non-agricultural sectors.
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Biogas as resources of energy

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The objective of the study described the importance of biogas and its importance. The biogas generally obtained from the waste. The so-called wastes that we discard and suffer with the consequences of improper management are of course partly huge energy and fertilizer sources that can support energy demands of cities greatly. Urban waste disposal is a serious challenge in all cities in the developing world, and its accumulation is an additional health hazard. Reliable and generally accepted disposal of the comparatively large amounts of digestate produced is necessary if biogas production is to be implemented. In this regard‟s discussion has been about the biogas production reaction involves, design and applications
Opisano cele, metody, grupy badane i wyniki badań etnologicznych przeprowadzonych w celu poznania postaw i zachowań ludzi dotyczących żywności i sposobu żywienia w różnych gospodarstwach domowych.
In order to improve environmental management and policy making based on the principles of sustainable development it is necessary to explore both ecological and economic dynamics interacting in human-dominated ecosystems. A way to perform such an integrated assessment is provided by the Emergy Synthesis method that allows to account for mass, energy and money flows supporting a given ecosystem. In this paper Geographical Information System and Emergy Synthesis methods were combined to model the interplay of environment, economy, and resources in the Site of Community Interest named Parco Marino di S. Maria di Castellabate and located in Southern Italy. The GIS allowed to organize and explore data dealing with several environmental features while the emergy modelling and accounting provided a characterization of the energy metabolism of the study area.The solar transformity of the net primary production of the marine system resulted in 4.86·104 seJ Joule-1. The emergy cost for fish and mollusk (two of the main products of the fishing sector) resulted in 1.05·107 seJ Joule-1 and 2.43·107 seJ Joule-1, respectively. These emergy-based indicators provided information about the environmental performance of the marine ecosystem and its fishing economic sector by relating the input emergy invested into the processes with the generated outputs.The solar transformities calculated in this case study (one of the first ever performed in Italy by adopting this methodological approach) will provide a benchmark for future comparison with similar marine systems in Italy and abroad.In conclusion, the combined use of GIS and Emergy Synthesis methods resulted a promising approach able to provide a deeper understanding of human-managed ecosystems and their dynamics.
One of the main problems of agriculture in the CEEC, namely the level of employment in agricultural sector at the moment of their accession to the EU was presented in the report. The paper characterizes also the changes that have already happened and will have to happen in future. The level of employment in agriculture, share of agriculture in employment and the number of employed on 100 ha of UAA in CEEC and EU-15 were compared.
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