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Direct drilling in the climate - soil conditions of Lower Silesia, applied after second cutting in 1993, induced changes in the botanical composition of Poa pratensis association. In the botanical composition of the first cutting in the second year of full utilization (1995) on treatments seeded in summer a considerable participation of Dactylis glomerata, was found, with nitrogen fertilization (180 kg ha⁻¹), both on treatments with weed control (35,9%) and without spraying (33,4%). Festuca pratensis showed slower development and competitiveness, so that its fraction in first cutting ranged between 8,2% and 14% depending on the combination used. Based on the investigations performed, it was found that Dactylis glomerata is the species better suited for direct drilling in the climate-habitat conditions of Lower Silesia.
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Globally, rangelands occupy over 33% of naturally occurring lands. In many countries rangeland management plays a significant role in the total food production (the United States, Canada, Australia). Proper utilisation of these areas requires maintenance of equilibrium between biological and physical site components in order to achieve animal productivity adjusted to the natural yield potentials of the given site. The presented study discusses possibilities of utilisation of uncultivated land as exemplified by methods applied in the Canadian state of Saskatchewan. Rangelands found in Poland comprise primarily farmland left uncultivated for several years or idle meadows and pastures. They undergo natural processes of succession the direction of which is not always in accordance with man' s needs and does not guarantee maintenance of land economical value. These areas occupy in Poland approximately 1 million 800 thousand ha and are prognosticated to increase already at the beginning of the 21st century. Management of rangelands should be based on principles of applied ecology. One of the first steps in the process of management of these areas in Poland should be to develop a system of their evaluation and regeneration taking into consideration domestic economical and social conditions. One of the methods useful for this purpose in the process of regeneration of grass communities and re-introduction of grass species will undoubtedly be overdrilling. The apparent pro-ecological character of this method favours its application for wide use in the process of management of rangelands in Poland. However, bearing in mind current domestic socio-economic conditions, it will still take some time before this can be realised.
Physical properties and water permeability of the football field Wisła Kraków after the renovation. The paper investigated the water permeability and some physical properties of the football field Wisła Kraków after the renovation done in 2002. Permeability, grain size, specific density, volume density and porosity of the soil takenfrom the plates was determined by standard methods. It was shown that as a result of improper use of the material were significant differences in properties, particularly grains size and water permeability compared with DIN 18 035, causing local puddles of water on the surface of the pitch.
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Results from studies carried out in 1989-1997 were presented in this paper. Studies included the estimation of different technologies of grass sward renovation in post-boggy habitat effects on its yielding and species composition. Studies revealed that compared renovation technologies (manual seeding after rototiller application, overdrilling using special drill machines, new sowing after chemical ploughing) only slightly differentiated the grass yielding. Positive effect of sowing was most frequently observed during 1-2 years after its application. Effect of technologies on species composition of sward was much higher. It was modified due to rolotiller and manual sowing application, because the share of new species in fodder yield at the first year of performance reached up to 75%. Sown species had the lowest share in fodder yield on objects with overdrilling without defoliation application. The following species were of the highest share in the yield at the beginning of study: Lolium perenne and Trifolium genus (Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens). Durability of species sown in communities was much reduced due to weather conditions (great temperature drops with no snow cover). Lolium perenne appeared to be the most sensitive to such unfavorable conditions.
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