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One of the most important activities when preparing a land reclamation project of brow fields is a comprehensive analysis and documentation of subsoil conditions at the site. The article presents site investigation methodology conducted for the purpose of preparing land reclamation project of the metallurgical waste landfill, located in a close vicinity of a developed big city. The landfill was a part of the steel plant facilities where combustion by-products were disposed. The article presents range and methodology of contaminated soil survey, waste morphology and composition analyses as well as documentation of obtained results. The research consisted of both, site investigation and laboratory tests. A detailed analysis of the results allowed precise determination of soil contamination indicators, environmental impact zones and volumetric capacity of contaminated soil. On the bases of such methods, as geoelectrical tests, boreholes, geodetic surveys and laboratory chemical analyses of samples, several maps of contamination impact zones were prepared, which at the final stage allowed completing a complex brown field reclamation plan.
This article presents the subsequent stages of Lake Długie recultivation. The lake has been completely degraded and has reached a saprotrophic state due to the discharge of domestic wastewater from the neighbouring living estate. The lake’s recultivation was initiated by cutting off the domestic wastewater inflow to the lake, and followed by the reduction of storm water inflow and artificial aeration with destratification carried out with modifications since 1987. Special attention was paid to the effects obtained in the reference years (i.e. without aeration) which allows determination of the durability of the recultivation results.
The influence of artificial aeration on chemical composition of bottom sediments and nutrient exchange was investigated in heavily polluted Lake Długie. Analyzed were variations in the content of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds in near-bottom water, interstitial water and bottom sediments. The obtained results have confirmed a positive role of many years’ artificial aeration in reducing the internal loading of nutrients. At the current stage of the survey, it is not possible to determine explicitly whether artificial aeration has had an effect on the chemical composition of bottom sediments.
Quite large areas of the alluvial soils in the valley of the river Bobr were destructed by the sand and gravel exploitation. After the recultivation measures, which consisted of backfilling of the open-castwith waste aggregate, levelling the surface and putting on such prepared surface 50-200 cm of the stripping material,the yield was very low.The field and laboratory experiments have shown that during the technical operations the soil was compacted to such degree, that the root growth and water permeability was restricted to large extent.The soil compaction was noted in the whole soil profile.The evidences of this process were the high bulk density( often over 1,8 Mg m-3), very low water permeability values and low air capacity. The situation during the 12 years from the finishing of the recultivation has not changed.
Intensity of ammonification, nitrification (NH4-N oxidation to N02-N) and denitrification (reduction of NO3-N to NO2-N) was studied in soils experimentally contaminated with oil and control soils. Studies were carried out on 144 experimental plots of total area 1 ha. Half of the plots were cultivated in the usual way, the other half - intensively. Each of the 2 combinations comprised plots fertilized only with NPK, NPK and manure, and with NPK, manure and additionally inoculated with bacteria - decomposing petroleum hydrocarbons. Rye, barley, a mixture of legumes and cereals, and potatoes were cultivated in all plot combinations. Intensity of ammonification, nitrification and denitrification was determined in soil samples collected in spring, 24 months after soil contamination with petroleum. Ammonification was most intensive in soil samples collected from plots polluted with crude oil, fertilized with NPK and manure, inoculated with bacteria strains decomposing petroleum, in which rye was cultivated. NH4-N oxidation to N02-N was most intensive in soil samples collected from plots which had not been contaminated with oil, fertilized with NPK and manure, in which potatoes were cultivated. The highest reduction of N03-N to NO2-N was observed in soil polluted with oil, fertilized with NPK, in which potatoes were planted and cultivated in the usual way.
The objective of the presented studies carried out in the Department of Horticultural Plant Fertilization, University of Life Sciences in Poznań was the investigation of the influence of the introduced doses of cadmium and lead (soil pollution) on the yield of the particular organs of selected cultivars of Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) and to check whether these plants are suitable to be planted on soils polluted with the mentioned metals. Plants used in the experiment were planted in individual outflowless containers in plastic tunnel. The studied cultivars of Marigold were planted in a substrate artificially polluted with cadmium and lead. The two heavy metals were introduced in the following doses: Cd – 0 (control); 1; 5; 10 mg dm⁻³, Pb – 0 (control); 100; 500; 1000 mg dm⁻³. Statistical analyses carried out in the present paper refer to the analysis of variance for leaf, stalk and inflorescence matters and the number of inflorescences. Analysis of the mean total yield of the particular cultivars grown in all substrates has shown that the highest total yield was reached by ‘Titania’ cultivar, in the second place was ‘Hawaii’ and the smallest yield was obtained from ‘Mann im Mond’. The smallest amounts of cadmium and lead, regardless of the applied dose, remained in the substrate in which ‘Hawaii’ cultivar was grown.
This paper reviews several studies dealing with the specific traits of plants growing on calamine waste heaps in the vicinity of Olkusz. The waste heaps here contain very high amounts of zinc, lead and cadmium. Particular traits distinguishing the calamine forms of the species Silene vulgaris, Dianthus carthusianorum and Biscutella laevigata make calamine plants potentially very useful for recultivating land polluted by heavy metals in Poland. Utilization of natural biological processes would seem to be the best approach to the problem of recultivation. Despite this, methods using local plant resources to reclaim areas polluted by high concentrations of heavy metals are still rarely used. The natural vegetation of areas characterized by high concentrations of heavy metals may be a valuable source of genetic material (ecotypes) ideally adapted for growth under the harsh and pioneering conditions of calamine waste heaps.
The paper presents data on the annual rate of humus accumulation after 10 and 20 years of a strict experimental routine carried out on sterile waste dumps (anthropic protosol) from Cápuş, cultivated with maize, oat and esparcet. Basic dressing applied was the following: V1 - unfertilized, V2- 40 t/ha manure, V3 - 15 t/ha poultry manure, V4 - 40 t/ha manure + N100 P60 K40 , V5 - 15 t/ha poultry manure + N100 P60 K40 , V6 - N100 P60 K0 , V7 - N100 P60 K40, V8 - N200 P120 K80 , V9 - N300 P180 K120. The results obtained revealed that the variant with 40 t/ha manure + N100 P6O K40 (V4) after 10 years accumulated 1.724% humus and after 20 years 4.100% humus. It means that the annual average rate was 0.115% and 0.176%, respectively, at a depth of 0-20 cm. The next variant is the variant with 15 t/ha poultry manure + N100 P60 K40 (V5) where 1.207% of humus was accumulated after 10 years and 3.760% of humus after 20 years; the annual average rate 0.055% and 0.155%, respectively.
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