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Long-distance dispersal of a wolf, Canis lupus, in northwestern Europe

100%

Andersen L. W., Harms V., Caniglia R., Czarnomska S. D., Fabbri E., Jedrzejewska B., Kluth G., Madsen A. B., Nowak C., Pertoldi C., Randi E., Reinhardt I., Stronen A. V.

Acta Theriologica

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2015

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tom 60

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nr 2

Several mammal species have recolonized their historical ranges across Europe during the last decades. In November 2012, a wolf-looking canid was found dead in Thy National Park (56° 56′ N, 8° 25′ E) in Jutland, Denmark. DNA from this individual and nine German wolves were genotyped using a genome-wide panel of 22,163 canine single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and compared to existing profiles based on the same marker panel obtained from northeastern Polish (n = 13) wolves, domestic dogs (n = 13) and known wolf-dog hybrids (n = 4). The Thy canid was confirmed to be a wolf from the German-western Polish population, approximately 800 km to the southeast. Access to the German reference database on DNA profiles based on 13 autosomal microsatellites of German wolves made it possible to pinpoint the exact pack origin of the Thy wolf in Saxony, Germany. This was the first documented observation of a wolf in Denmark in 200 years and another example of long-distance dispersal of a carnivore.

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Epiphytic lichen recolonization in the centre of Krakow (Southern Poland) as a result of air quality improvement

100%

Slaby A., Lisowska M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2012

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tom 60

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nr 2

Epiphytic lichen distribution and diversity were investigated in seven localities in the centre of Cracow (South Poland). Field studies were carried out in the years 2007–2009. A total of 39 species were recorded at 434 sites; 6 species are new to Cracow. Compared to previous surveys, the overall situation has generally improved, with higher lichen species richness and cover rate. The area of former ‘lichen desert’ in the city centre has disappeared and it has been colonized by SO2 sensitive macrolichen species. Dominance of nitrogen- and dust-tolerant species has been observed. The health of lichen thalli has improved and many young specimens were recorded in the study area. These changes follow air quality improvement, mainly the SO2 decline, during the last twenty years. Transport-related NOx and dust have become the main pollutants in the centre of Cracow. The recolonization process seems to be not completed yet and further improvement in lichen distribution and diversity is expected. Thus long-term biomonitoring is required.

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Shallow genetic differentiation in Miniopterus schreibersii (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) indicates a relatively recent re-colonization of Europe from a single glacial refugium

80%

Furman A., Oztunc T., Postawa T., Coraman E.

Acta Chiropterologica

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2010

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tom 12

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nr 1

In this study we analyzed 547 sequences of the first hypervariable domain of the control region of Miniopterus schreibersii sampled in colonies located in the western- and eastern-most borders of its distribution. We assessed genetic diversity of these colonies, quantified differences between them, and pointed out to their putative ancestral origin. Our results suggest that the extant European populations of M. schreibersii are descendants of the ancestors that survived the last glacial maximum in a single glacial refugium, probably located in the north-western Anatolia. According to our model, a rapid population expansion and major re-colonization events started after the climatic change that followed the end of the last glacial maximum. Our suggestions are supported by the shallow genetic differentiation between the eastern and western colonies of M. schreibersii, high genetic diversity observed in the eastern colonies, and population expansion time estimated for ca. 15.6 kyr BP.

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Flooding ecology of voles, mice and shrews: the importance of geomorphological and vegetational heterogeneity in river floodplains

80%

Wijnhoven S., Van der Velde G., Leuven R. S. E. W., Smits A. J. M.

Acta Theriologica

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2005

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tom 50

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nr 4

453-472

Since voles, mice and shrews are important animals in food chains of river floodplains, there is a need for data on their spatial and temporal distribution in periodically flooded areas. During a live trapping study between two successive floods in an embanked river floodplain, the ’Afferdensche en Deestsche Waarden (ADW)’, six species were frequently observed, viz,Microtus arvalis (Pallas, 1778),Clethrionomys glareolus (Schreber, 1780),Sorex araneus (Linnaeus, 1758),Crocidura russula (Hermann, 1780),Micromys minutus (Pallas, 1771) andApodemus sylvaticus (Linnaeus, 1758). Ungrazed rough herbaceous vegetation appeared to be rich in numbers and species, whereas no spoors of small mammals were observed in large parts of the ADW floodplain (eg bare substrates and maize fields). Vegetation structure seemed to be very important in guiding the recolonisation process after flood events. Throughout the year the highest numbers of small mammals were captured on and near the non-flooded elevated parts functioning as refugia during inundation. Poor habitat connectivity, sparseness of non-flooded recolonisation sources and small numbers of survivors led to slow recolonisation. The time between two successive floods (eight months) was not long enough for entire recolonisation of ADW. Small mammal densities at more than 30 m from the non-flooded areas were always lower than in non-flooded areas.

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Effects of physical disturbance, isolation and key macrozoobenthic species on community development, recolonisation and sedimentation processes

80%

Herkul K., Kotta J., Kotta I., Orav-Kotta H.

Oceanologia

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2006

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tom 48

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nr S

The relative effect of physical disturbance, isolation and key macrozoobenthic species on community development and sedimentation processes were studied in an in situ factorial field mesocosm experiment in the northern Baltic Sea. Differences in abundance and biomass structure of recolonising invertebrates were due to exposure and isolation. The initial invertebrate communities had a negligible effect on the final communities. However, the organic matter content of the sediment in isolated cages increased with the initial number of invertebrate species. The main conclusion of the study: physically driven fluxes override the effects of biological interactions in shallow water systems of the northern Baltic Sea.

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The ichthyofauna of the Lavezzi Islands [Corsica, France] at depths between 0 and 1 m: inventory, quantitative evaluation and recolonisation after experimental destruction

70%

Bouchereau J. L., Hoai T. L.

Oceanological Studies

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1997

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tom 26

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