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The aim of the study was the analysis of the effect of calving season on the course of parturition and rearing results of Polish Holstein-Friesian calves of Black-and-White strain from birth to 3 months of age. Easy calvings (1;2) predominated on the farm. In spring, they accounted for 91.2% of all calvings occurring in this season. The respective values for summer, winter and autumn were 89.7%, 88.6% and 87.6%. The highest mean birth weight was characteristic of calves born in winter (40.8 kg and 44.2 kg for heifer calves and bull calves, respectively). The highest mean daily body weight gains in the whole rearing period were achieved by heifer calves born in winter (704 g) and bull calves born in spring (750 g). In the group of heifer calves and bull calves, statistically significant differences during the analysed rearing period were found (P≤0.01, P≤0.05). The highest percentage of ill calves was found in the autumn-winter season and the lowest one in spring and summer.
Factors affecting prolificacy and lambs rearing results in Olkuska sheep population. The aim of this study was to evaluate reproductive performance of the growing Olkuska sheep population and to analyse impact of a number of factors on lamb rearing results as well as the length of ewes’ utilisation in the flock. Although reproductive performance of Olkuska sheep is still at a relatively high level, recently a decrease of average prolificacy and the continuously low percentage of lambs reared have been observed. This might be related to the rapid growth of the population in the recent years and rather short flock-life of ewes, on average 3.17 years. The results of this study confirm that the size of the litter had the highest impact on lamb rearing results. Substantial differences in reproductive performance depending on the age of the dam were also observed. Despite of poor rearing of lambs born in large litters, no significant correlation between the average prolificacy of ewes in the flock and the percentage of lambs being reared was observed. The results indicate that a major influence on lamb rearing performance depends upon individual characteristics of a dam, as well as husbandry conditions in the flock and skills of the breeder.
The main aim of the study was to compare rearing effect of calves kept outdoor in individual hutches and indoor in group pens. During the experiments following measurements were taken: body weight, daily and monthly gains and mortality. Study was conducted on 90 calves from 5th to 90th days of age and measures were taken in 3 seasons - spring, summer - autumn and winter. All calves were fed with the same feed and according to the same schedule. Results reviled that during first month calves from both groups achieved the same daily gains. However, older calves kept indoor characterized themselves by better gains and body weight. During the experiment only 2 claves were lost (mortality rate - 2.2%).
The experiment was carried out on 200 ROSS 308 broiler chickens that were randomly assigned to 5 equal groups (K, D1, D2, D3, D4). The birds were fed the mixtures Starter (1–21 days of rearing) and Grower/Finisher (21–42 days) oiled with a mixture of soybean oil (3%) and linseed oil (3%). Two different grains represented the experimental factor, and were added to the mixtures in a 1:1 ratio, according to the following design: group K (control) – maize and wheat, group D1 – wheat and barley, group D2 – wheat and triticale, group D3 – maize and barley, group D4 – maize and triticale. It was shown that chickens fed the mixtures with triticale at age 42 days had significantly (P ≤ 0.01) higher body weight than those that received mixtures with barley. In the whole period of rearing, a significantly (P ≤ 0.05) lower feed conversion ratio was found in chickens fed diets containing wheat and barley, as compared with the control group. The used mixtures did not influence musculature and the proportion of skin with subcutaneous fat in carcasses; however, a significantly (P ≤ 0.05) lower abdominal fat level was found in carcasses of chicken fed mixtures containing wheat and triticale and wheat and barley, as comparer with the broilers from other groups (K, D3 and D4). No effect of feeding on the content of most fatty acids in the lipids of leg muscles was found, while the breast muscles of the birds receiving the mixture with wheat and barley have shown a significant decrease in the proportion of linolenic acid and an increase in stearic acid. There were no significant effects of grain composition in mixtures in terms of muscle pH or sensory properties of the meat; they had, however, an impact on its color.
Effect of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis inclusion in turkey diets on growth performance.The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a probiotic preparation containing spores of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis, added to feed, on growth performance of female turkeys reared until 84 days of age. A total of 300 day-old Hybrid Converter female turkeys were randomly assigned to 20 pens. The pens were randomly divided into two treatment groups: T1, received basal diets, and T2 received the same diets as group T1 supplemented with the probiotic (1.28 x 106 CFU/g). It can be concluded that the probiotic feed additive had a beneficial influence on growth performance and significantly increased the final body weights and average daily gains of female turkeys.
В зимной период проводили опытное выращивание 68 мериносовых баранчиков в 12-17-месячном возрасте, разделенных на две группы: группа Ш - содержимая в полуоткрытом навесе с постоянным доступом к выгулам, группа 0 - содержимая в стойлах в традиционной кирпичной овчарне. Каждая группа была разделена на 2 подгруппы кормления: подгруппа К - кормление силосом и подгруппа В - кормление сеном и свеклой. На всем протяжении исследований средняя температура в навесе составляла 1,4°С и была выше, чем внешняя температура на 2,2°С, а ниже, чем в овчерне на 6,0°С. Средняя влажность воздуха в навесе составляла 84%, в овчарне 74%, а снаружи 92%. Более быстрые темпы роста установлены у баранчиков группы 0, чем группы ш (разницы в суточных привесах 12,2%) и кормимых силосом, чем кормимых сенно-свекловой диетой (разницы в суточных привесах 12,2%). Установлено также лучшее использование питательных элементов на прирост 1 кг веса тела у баранчиков группы О в сравнении с животными группы Ш (разница 17,4% в освяных единицах и 14,5% в белке) и кормимыми силосом в сравнении с кормимыми сенно-свекловой диетой (на 10,2% в овсяных единицах и 10,1% в белке). Не наблюдалось существенное влияние сравниваемых условий содержания и системы кормления на продукцию шерсти н толосложение, ни на количество и качество производимого семени.
Analizowano tempo wzrostu i wykorzystanie paszy u cieląt, których dawkę pokarmową wzbogacono w syntetyczny lub naturalny β-karoten podawany bez lub z witaminą АD3Е. Wykazano, że stosowanie od urodzenia do 13. tygodnia życia cieląt dodatku syntetycznego Rovimixu β-carotene 10% lub suszu z marchwi czerwonej jest w pełni uzasadnione, bowiem ma korzystny wpływ na dynamikę wzrostu cieląt, podnosi wykorzystanie paszy oraz zapewnia dobry stan zdrowotny cieląt.
Badaniami objęto trzy grupy genetyczne indyków - w typie ciężkim Hybrid Large White (HLW) i Big-6 oraz średniociężkim indyki WAMA-3. W każdej grupie odchowywano 200 lamie i 50 samców. Do reprodukcji wybrano losowo z każdej grupy po 105 samic i 20 samców. Okres rozpłodu trwał 20 tygodni. Po zakończonym okresie wychowu (30 tyg.) nieco cięższe (o 0.56 kg) były indyczki HLW (12.16 kg) od BIG-6 (11.60 kg). Samce w tych grupach osiągnęły jednakową masę ciała (25.85 kg). Indyki średniociężkie WAMA-3 ważyły w tym wieku mniej - samice 9.15 kg, a samce - 21.84 kg. Indyki WAMA-3 niezależnie od płci spożywały w okresie wychowu najmniej paszy. Największe spożycie paszy odnotowano u samców (106.91 kg) i samic (53.08 kg) w grupie indyków BIG-6. Indyczki BIG-6 i WAMA-3 osiągnęły dojrzałość rozpłodową w 224 dniu życia, a HLW w 229. dniu. Średnie zapłodnienie jaj wynosiło u indyczek HLW - 89.6%, BIG-6 - 88.6% i WAMA - 91.8%. Szczyt nieśności w analizowanych stadach osiągnęły ptaki w 3.-4. tyg. produkcji. W ciągu 140 dni nieśności uzyskano od nioski stanu początkowego od 60.6 szt. jaj (HLW) do 73.8 szt. (BIG-6). Średnia liczba piskląt wylęgłych od jednej nioski, to 41.3 szt. w grupie WAMA-3, 39.2 szt. w grupie BIG-6 i 33.3 szt. w grupie HLW. Najwyższe zużycie paszy na produkcję 1 pisklęcia stwierdzono u indyków HLW (1607 g), a najniższe u WAMA-3 (1164 g).
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