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The results of studies of radioactive contamination of Borne Sulinowo military range is presented. Until 1991, this area was occupied by the former Soviet Army. No serious contamination with natural or artificial radionuclides has been found in the studied area. The activity of natural radionuclides such as 214Bi, 226Ra, 234Th, 224Ra, 228Ac and 214Pb in the soils ranges from 6-8 Bq/kg of soil, which is low when compared to industrial regions of Poland, where 18-36 Bq/kg of these radionuclides have been found. Also, contamination by 137Cs is considerably lower than in Eastern Poland. In about 70% of the studied samples, post-Chernobyl radiocesium contributed less than half of the total amount of this nuclide. It follows that post-Chernobyl fallout was low in the studied area. Moreover, the high level of l37Cs from global fallout in the examined samples manifests strong bonding of cesium in the surface layer of the soil.
The kinetics of radioruthenium in rats after repeated contamination with small doses was investigated. Ruthenium-106 was poorly absorbed and rapidly eliminated from the organs and tissues of rats. No specific affinity of Ru-106 for any organ or tissue was observed except for the kidneys, where marked tendency for cumulating was found. It seems that radioruthenium is of less importance for the human and animal health in comparison with radiocaesium and radiostrontium.
Ecological monitoring of red vole Clethrionomys rutilus (Pallas, 1778) populations, carried out for two years (1992-1993) in the Sverdlovsk region near Kamensk-Ural'ski, revealed an increase of morphological diversity in terms of non-metric skull traits along the axis of the East-Ural Radioactive Track (EURT). In the population affected by radioactive contamination, frequencies of non-metric skull traits deviated significantly from those in two control populations located beyond the EURT boundaries. The deviations were not related to particular environmental factors varying among the years of our study, which implied a genetic basis of non-metric differentiation. We suggest that the observed increase of phenotypic malformations within the EURT zone has been caused by the permanent impact of low doses of radioactive contamination, leading to an accumulation of minor mutations and to disurbances in regular ontogenetic development of the red vole.
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