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An application of the logit analysis identified characteristics of home owner influencing the selection and use of various sources of information about landscape maintenance. The model estimation was based on survey data from 400 home owners in Georgia, USA. Results indicate that education, age, income and gender influence information source choices.
The aim of the research, in which the questionnaire method was used, was to analyse food preferences and their determinants within the group of persons selected on the basis of sex. On the basis of the research results it can be stated that the features of food were pointed most often among the factors conditioning the food preferences. Simultaneously the features of food were most often acknowledged for the reason of not liking some food. It appeared that the food preferences of the examined population produced the evidence with enough large stability. However more frequent changes were observed in the direction from the lack of acceptance of some food to the food liking. The features of the population in a little degree differentiated the food preferences and the opinions about factors that determine these preferences.
Introduction. During assessing physical activity researchers often use self-reported methods which may not meet psychometric standards and can lead to false results due to the application of inaccurate or wrongly chosen tools. Aim of Study. The aim of this paper was to compile a list of most popular questionnaires used for assessing physical activity among the elderly and to examine their qualitative and psychometric characteristics. Methods. An analysis of articles published in international scientific journals on the topic of physical activity assessment among elderly people was performed in order to select reliable and valid questionnaires. Results. Twenty-one papers containing information on psychometric criteria of eleven questionnaires were analyzed. The majority of reliability and validity studies were performed on the PASE and YPAS questionnaires. In terms of objectivity, the best ones turned out to be the CHAMPS, IPAQ, PAQE, PASE, and YPAS questionnaires. The highest reliability assessment scores were given to the APAFOP, PAR, PAQE, and QAPSE questionnaires. The best validation scores with objective methods assessing physical activity were carried out for the APAFOP, PAQE, PASE, and YPAS questionnaires. Conclusions. Among the analyzed questionnaires, the best one in terms of objectivity, standardization, validity, and reliability was the Yale Physical Activity Survey (YPAS).
Economics of quality is a trendy area of quality management. Nobody doubts the need to monitor and evaluate the costs related to quality. However, there were significant divisions by experts in the field, which is also reflected in practice. In our contribution, therefore, deal with it rather than theoretical knowledge is converted into company practices.
Background: Dietary supplements (DSs) are concentrated sources of nutrients and/or other substances, whose purpose is to supplement the normal diet. Their consumption in Poland has been on the rise, leading to numerous concerns. However, current legislation does not provide any background for a relevant pharmacovigilance system. Therefore, little is known about their adverse effects (AEs) or patterns of use in Poland. To shed some light on this, we conducted a nationwide survey. Aim of the study: To assess the prevalence of, and the reasons for, the use of dietary supplements in Poland via national survey with a collection and an analyse of supposed adverse effects of dietary supplements. Material and methods: The study was conducted using an online survey based on the original questionnaire. In this report, we present the results of the analysis of the first 200 responses. Results: As many as 55.5% (111) of respondents were ‘definitely sure’ or ‘rather sure’ about DSs safety. However, 70.5% (141) believed that they could have negative effects. Over 3/4 (153) of respondents used DSs themselves, and 61.0% (122) used them within last 12 months. Of those using DSs, 11.1% (17) reported diverse Aes, with GI tract irritation and mental disturbances being the most common (experienced by 35.3% (6), and 17.6% (3) of those reporting AE s, respectively). Conclusions: Respondents had mixed feelings about DS safety. Despite that, they used these products frequently. Of a note is high incidence of adverse effects experienced by DS users. This undoubtedly points to the need for a relevant pharmacovigilance system.
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The objective of this study is to present the barriers in undertaking tourist and recreational activity by disabled people. Methods. Diagnostic examinations (survey) were conducted with the application of a survey questionnaire on people with various level and type of disability (n = 100, 40 men, 60 women). The respondents were asked to indicate the barriers that – in their opinions – reduce participation of the disabled people in the tourism movement. Results. The respondents indicated that the financial issues constituted the largest barrier (economic barrier). This results from the fact that the disabled often have a worse position on the labour market, they earn less and, on the other hand, the products and tourist services adjusted to their needs are usually more expensive. This is – to a degree – related to the next barrier – an organizational one that the respondents mentioned as well. Conclusions. On the basis of the conducted study it can be stated that participation of the disabled in tourism is limited and this results from both the external barriers (financial, architectural) as well as the internal ones (psychological, social).
The article deals with the measurement and evaluation of quality of service through the define criteria. These criteria characterize the important areas for customer in the frame of providing of service and have a direct impact on the overall perception of quality from the view of customer. The measurement was carried out through questionnaires with 5-point Likert scale evaluation. Due to the fact that the customer is the person, who decides on the success of the enterprise on the market, based on his satisfaction, respectively dissatisfaction, the research results are important basis for management - for the decision-making process or for processes, which can improve the quality of services.
Introduction. Appropriate diet and physical activity are vital determinants of psychophysical development in children and adolescents. Objective. The aim of the study was to analyse an association between dietary habits and physical activity levels of adolescents from post-grammar schools. Material and methods. The study included 110 girls and 65 boys between 16 and 19 years of age from two post-grammar schools in Biała Podlaska in Poland. They were subjected to a diagnostic survey providing information on their diet (number of meals a day, their regularity, frequency of bread, dairy, meat, fish, sweet, fruit, vegetable and fast food consumption, preferred ways of food processing). Physical activity levels were determined with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire – Short Form (IPAQ-SF). Based on these data, the respondents were stratified to high, moderate and low physical activity groups. Due to small number of participants presenting with low physical activity levels, we did not include this group in further analyses. The significance of differences in the dietary habits of adolescents presenting with high and moderate physical activity levels was verified with the χ2 test. Results. Most girls and boys presented with high levels of physical activity. However, we did not find an evident relationship between dietary habits and physical activity levels. Girls from high and moderate physical activity groups differed solely in terms of the number of daily meals, frequency of meat and sweet consumption, and significant intergroup differences observed among boys pertained to the frequencies of whole-wheat bread, meat and fast food consumption. The abovementioned food products were consumed more often by girls and boys presenting with high physical activity levels. Conclusions. The dietary mistakes observed in physically active adolescents from post-secondary schools justify intensification of their dietary education programs.
In an answer to the survey, 40% of the surveyed girls and 82% of boys declared regular eating of three or four main meals a day. Only 31% of the young people drank milk or milk beverages regularly, and almost half of the surveyed youth ate raw vegetables and fruit every day. Similar percentage had fish as well as poultry in their menu 1–2 times a week and about one fourth of the surveyed group: 3–4 times a week. Snacking (mainly fruit, sandwiches, crisps) between main meals was declared by 85% of the surveyed. As many as 97% of the surveyed young people ate fast food, but at the same time 100% of the surveyed girls and 95% of the boys expressed an opinion that this is not “healthy” food. Most preferred products were: pizza – 76% of the surveyed young people, open cheese and mushroom toasted sandwich with ketchup – 54%, Big Mac – 43%. A convenient form of consumption, attractiveness, taste and accessible price were regarded by most of the surveyed as great advantages of these products.
Purpose. To compare the effectiveness of interviewer-led and postal surveys in gathering adequate health data for occupational health programmes among farmers. Methods. Two cross-sectional studies of farmers from southern New Zealand were conducted. Farms were randomly selected from the public land valuation roll and all farmers and farm workers invited to participate in the farmers' health study. First, 477 farms were invited to participate in an interviewer administered questionnaire and health check; and second, a further 432 farms were selected and invited to participate in a self-administered postal survey. Both groups completed the same questionnaire. Results. The response for the interviewer-led and postal surveys was 65.4% and 51.6% respectively. The 2 groups differed demographically, with fewer young farm workers in the postal survey, but were similar in all areas of health information collected, except that men in the interviewer-led survey were significantly more likely to have a psychological disturbance than men in the postal survey (chi 2 =5.06, df=1, p=0.024). Conclusions. Despite the interviewer-led survey having a higher response rate, the postal survey produced similar health data, which is adequate for planning occupational health programmes for farmers. Extra effort should be made to recruit younger farm workers in future research.
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