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The Pest Risk Analysis for quarantine pests as well as the changes in Polish phytosanitary legislation after accession to the European Union were described (register of plant producers, plant passport, and list of quarantine pests).
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One of the main reasons of low potato yields in Poland is plant health. Many farmers, particularly those growing potatoes for their own needs, plant the same material year by year, making the situation worse and worse. Such a procedure significantly increases the viral infections of plants. The yield obtained from such infected plants will be always low. Numerous disqualifications of seed plantations or the degradations to lower degree ranging in 1989-2001 from 14.9 to 43.1%, indicate strong threat by viruses. Seed tubers mag also be a source of bacterial and fungal origin diseases. The most dangerous are: the black leg, wet rot of tubers and common scab. Apart from production specialization the healthy seed tubers are the basis to reduce the risk of diseases. Sprout rot (Rhizoctonia solani) also decreases the yield. Extremely high threat occurs in the years of lower temperature and higher soil moisture content during germination. Potato blight (Phytophthora infestans) is a serious problem during the whole vegetation season. Losses of potato yield in Poland in the years favourable for disease development on unprotected plantations may achieve even 60-70% of potential yield. In the last years increased demand on the tubers of very high quality, both for direct consumption, and for industrial processing, resulted in higher importance of tuber peel pathogens. Silver scurf (Helminthosporium solani), occurring at various intensity, becomes more and more important in Poland. Dry rot of the tubers (Fusarium spp.) may also develop during storage. Separate problem is connected with preventing the expansion of quarantine diseases that may cause loses, both direct - lower yield, and indirect - resulting from quarantine regulations - such as field disqualification, prohibition of potato cultivation, ban of the export and local turnover. Under Polish climatic conditions the most dangerous quarantine objects are ring rot of potato (Clacibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus) and potato canker (Synchytrium endobioticum).
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