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Eight soils were studied for adsorption reactions of zinc and evaluated for their quantity, intensity and supply parameters for zinc. With the addition of increasing amounts of zinc there was a simultaneous increase in the equilibrium concentration, adsorption, percent saturation of adsorption capacity and supply parameter of zinc. Multiple regression analysis revealed that in all soils quantity, intensity and equilibrium concentration were the main parameters accounting for the supply of zinc. Sandy loam, loamy and loamy sand soils having comparatively higher values for the adsorption maxima, bonding energy constant and differential buffering capacity of the soils will require higher rates of zinc to change in the solution concentration.
The measuring in field is the most commonly used activity in various industrial branches. To be the results useful the data must be stored in a suitable database. There is a problem: to use either one of most of commercial database systems or to create the special purpose designed database? This question is discussed and an own approach of the database design is presented in this paper. The goal is the designed database with minimum of memory capacity occupied and the most rapidly information provided. It is supposed that the basic database design rules e.g. to avoid redundant data (normalization), ensure that the relationships among attributes are represented or facilitate the checking of updates for violation of database integrity constraints are respected. A special optimization method for common attributes reduction, for storing strings of variable length and for database reorganization is used.
The aim of the studies carried out in 2004-2006 was the estimation of quantity and quality of chervil yield according to the sowing date: 10 April, 25 April and 10 May. On the base of obtained results it was said that the sowing date had a significant influence on the chervil yield, which was higher when the earliest date of sowing was used. However, there was no significant effect of sowing dates on the leaf blade mass and leafstalk mass in the mass of a single bunch. Participation of leaf blades in a bunch mass amounted from 63.4% for the latest sowing.date to 55.5% when seeds were sown on 10 April. Moreover, the chervil yield was characterized by a quite high mineral compounds content, especially iron, man­ganese, zinc and copper. However, significant differences were found only in the content of calcium. The highest amount of this macroelement was noted in the second year of the experiment.
The development of fruit-based products with a high proportion of fruit and good nutritional, sensory and functional properties may help to diversify market supply. These products ought to be attractive, especially to young people, easy to consume and have a reasonably long shelf life. Three recipes of freeze-dried strawberry jelly with low-methoxyl pectin (LMP) (2.0, 2.5, 3.5% LMP) with the use of strawberry pulp were obtained and physical properties were investigated to choose the sample with the best quality factors. The quantity of added low-methoxyl pectin influences the physical properties of freeze-dried strawberry jellies. The recipe with 2.5% addition of low-methoxyl pectin was chosen based on the results obtained. Despite the relatively high friability and low hardness, and higher shrinkage, it has a fast rate of rehydration. It is also characterised by high porosity and the parameters of the colour most similar to the raw material and low water content and activity.
Our paper focuses on examination and determination of bioindicators. From their existence, condition or behavior judgments might be carried out on the existence of specific environmental indicators and on environmental conditions and changes. The goal of this study was to investigate if and how plants may be used to indicate some of the emissions of landfill sites. Sampling was carried out in the middle of April 2007, 2008, and 2009. The obtained data were compared with a simple floristic list prepared in 1995. Selected bioindicators were used to estimate impact of the landfill on the close vicinity.
The city of Nairobi is the heart of both industrial production and the economic hub in Kenya and the Eastern Africa region. The city of Nairobi and its environs are drained by three streams, namely: Nairobi, Mathare and Ngong rivers. These streams drain areas of diverse land use activities. The land use changes in a spatial manner from the rich agricultural system through residential cum urban to industrial. The signifi cance of these various land use systems to pollutants generation, pollution, sediment generation and hence water pollution and quality degradation is quite enormous and worth investigation. The land use changes in a spatial manner making the basin ideal for a temporal variation of sediments yields along the river profi le and their impacts on the water quality status. This paper examines the results of study carried out within the basins in the years 1998–2006. The method of study involved water sampling and laboratory analysis to reveal the trends in sediment load increases downstream the investigated streams. Soil samples were also investigated to determine their relationship to soil erosion rates and sediment fl uxes. The study attempts further to fi nd the best sediment management strategies in reversing their increasing trends and restoring water quality within the basin.
The paper presents a comparative analysis of dairy cooperatives according to both quality of management and quality of production. The study results indicated that in regard to employment structure based on the level of education, the disparities between cooperatives of the A group and “Swietokrzyskie” (B group) cooperatives were quite remarkable – in the first group of cooperatives the proportion of employees with higher education was double of that in the second group. The figures also suggest clearer differences when milk quality is taken into consideration. In cooperatives of the A group, the extra class milk noted a threefold higher percentage (76.2%) of total purchased milk than in the “Swietokrzyskie” cooperatives, whereas, respectively, the average procurement price of milk was 0.21 PLN higher, in 2001.
The discipline of meat science has classically focused on ante-mortem and post-mortem handling procedures that effect ultimate meat quality. Furthermore, meat science has also ventured into genetic and physiological factors that impact ultimate meat quality. However, in general, meat scientists have not fully considered the impact of embryonic development nor have they targeted the embryo in strategies aimed at optimizing meat quality. Embryonic development has a profound impact on ultimate meat yield and meat quality because embryonic events program muscle phenotype, muscle growth potential, ultimate muscle size, and muscle metabolic potential. In farm animals, myofiber size, contractile protein composition, and myofiber phenotype have a profound impact on eating quality. During development, gastrulation begins when the blastoderm invaginates to form the endoderm, mesoderm, and the ectoderm. The somites, derived from the mesoderm, are the classically accepted site of myogenesis. The underlying mechanisms governing myogenesis, regulating myofiber number, and determining myofiber phenotype are not yet fully understood. The focus of this manuscript is to review the general embryonic mechanisms governing muscle development and to speculate about potential targets to improve meat quality through embryonic manipulation.
This study investigated the floral biology and pollen quantity and quality of Campanula bononiensis L. (Campanulaceae), a protected species in Poland. Observations and measurements were made during the years 2007–2009 in natural phytocoenoses from the Festuco-Brometea class situated within the Lublin area, SE Poland. A considerable decrease (approx. 87%) in population density was observed. Significant variations both in the amount of pollen (18.5%–34.8 % of pollen in the total anther dry weight, i.e. 0.5–1.5 mg per 10 anthers) and in pollen viability (38.8–97.0%) were noted. Both a low amount of pollen and low pollen viability may reduce the reproductive success of individuals. The most frequent visiting insects were bees (Apoidea), including solitary bees 45.7%, honeybees 20.4%, and bumblebees 11.4%. Dipterans, coleopterans (weevils), lepidopterans and ants were also recorded, implying a strong impact of C. bononiensis on insect biodiversity within grasslands.
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