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In this work the optimal operation of the water management system is analysed. The fundamental technical elements of the system are the water reservoirs and the network of the pipelines among the water reservoirs and between the water reservoirs and the water purification plants (WPPs). While the simulations of the optimal system operation, the vectors of the optimal flows are calculated, so that the total costs of the system operation determined by the quality factor F are minimal. The analytical solution for the dynamic optimization problem is the result of the application of the Pontryagin’s maximum principle. The simulation models of the optimal operation of the water management system were created in Matlab/Simulink. While the analyses of the results, the optimal control of some actual water management systems may by studied.
It was demonstrated that the content of essential oil in sweet basil depends on the level of nitrogen nutrition and on the term of herb harvest. The greatest content of the essential oil was found in herb harvested at the beginning of blooming using 0.9 g N/plant (0.6 g N pre-vegetation + 0.3 g N after the first harvest). After the fertilization levels: 0.9 g N and 1.2 g N/plant, the leaves of basil cv. Wala were characterized by the most desired aromatic discriminants: basil-like, sharp, spicy and herb-like.
The paper presents the variability analysis of some quantitative characteristics, that is of tuber yield, starch content and yield, dry matter content and yield and vitamin C content in selected edible potato varieties. Reciprocal relations of variance components calculated and their percentage share in the total variability were a measure of variability evaluation for the characteristics examined. Moreover, the variability of the characteristics was characterised by means of the classical variability coefficient. It has been found that tuber yield and vitamin C content variability was determined mainly by the interaction effects of years and the factors examined, as well as the experimental error. The respective values were as follows: 44.3% and 34.7% for tuber yield, and 42.2% and 46.2% for vitamin C. The starch content was in 47.5% modified by the effects of the main factors (including 35.0% for years) and the error effect (39.0%). A similar interaction was observed in the case of dry matter content variability, but the error was 52.4%. Starch and dry matter yields were determined mainly by interaction effects of the years and the examined factors (40.7% and 39.9%, respectively) as well as the experimental error (32.2% of the total variability for both traits). The highest changes expressed as the values of the coefficient of variation were found for tuber yield, dry matter yield and starch yield.
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