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Changes in cellular immune responses of Chilo suppressalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) due to pyriproxyfen treatment

100%
Mirhaghparast S. K., Zibaee A., Hoda H., Sendi J. J.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2015
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tom 55
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nr 3
The effects of pyriproxyfen were determined on the cellular immunity and phenoloxidase activity in the 4th instar larvae of Chilo suppressalis Walker. The bioassay results revealed the effective concentrations of: 10L : 18C, 30L : 72C and 50L : 190C μg · ml–1. The sole effect of 18 and 72 μg · ml–1 concentrations at intervals of 1–3 h caused a higher number of total hemocytes in the treated larvae than the control, but the reverse results were observed after 6–24 h. The number of plasmatocytes was lower than that of the control for intervals of 3–24 h but the number of granulocytes was higher than the control after 1–3 h although no significant differences were observed at the other times. In the treated larvae, the activities of phenoloxidase were higher and lower than those of the control after 1–3 h and 6–24 h, respectively. The combined effects of pyriproxyfen and the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana isolate B3 caused higher numbers of total hemocytes, plasmatocytes, and granulocytes in the treated larvae by use of the three concentrations of pyriproxyfen, at intervals of 6 and 12 h. Although the numbers of nodules in the larvae treated with concentrations of 18 μg · ml–1 were higher than those of other treatments, the overall numbers were lower than those of the control. Finally, the activity of phenoloxidase in the treated larvae was higher than that of the control, at intervals of 6 and 12 h post-treatment. Findings of the current study indicate an intervening role of pyriproxyfen in the cellular immunity of C. suppressalis to entomopathogenic objects.
2

Physiological and biochemical effect of pyriproxyfen on Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

80%
Ghasemi A., Sendi J. J., Ghadamyari M.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2010
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tom 50
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nr 4
Insect growth regulators generally have a selective effect on the target insects and have practically no apparent side effect on non-target organisms especially vertebrates. Hence, insect growth regulators could be a suitable choice to control pests in stored products. Ten-day-old larvae of Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) were expressed to the juvenile hormone analogue pyriproxyfen in order to have an effect on growth, metamorphosis, reproduction, lipid and protein contents of ovaries. The larvae were treated by 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.16, and 0.3 ppm of JHA in an artificial diet where controls received acetone alone. The results indicated significant differences in duration of growth, mean longevity of hatched adults, percentage of emerged normal adults, abnormal pupae, hatched larvae and mean oviposition ratein addition to the lipid and protein of ovaries compared to the controls. An inhibition concentration of fifty (IF50) for prevention of emerging adults was recorded 0.134 ppm. Pyriproxyfen caused significant defects in the legs and wings of some adults and sever morphological changes in the ovaries of emerged adults. The results showed that pyriproxyfen may be applied as an insecticide to decrease the damage caused by Indian meal moth on stored products. Pyriproxyfen can be used with low side effects to humans.
3
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Biorational control of arthropod pests with emphasis on the use of the chitin synthesis inhibitor novaluron

61%
Ishaaya I., Lebedev G., Ghanim M., Horowitz A. R.
Pestycydy
|
2011
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nr 1-4
Efforts have been made during the past three decades to develop insecticides with selective properties that act specifically on biochemical sites present in a particular insect group, but whose properties differ from those present in mammals. This approach has led to the discovery of compounds that affect the hormonal regulation of molting and developmental processes in insects such as ecdysone agonists, juvenile hormone (JH) mimics and chitin synthesis inhibitors. The search for potent acylureas has led to the development of novaluron (Rimon) developed by Makhteshim Chemical Works. The LC-50 value of novaluron on 3rd-instar Spodoptera littoralis fed on treated leaves is approximately 0.1 mg a.i./liter. This value resembles that of chlorfluazuron and is tenfold lower than that of teflubenzuron. Novaluron affects nymphs of Bemisia tabaci more than chlorfluazuron and teflubenzuron. Artificial rain, at a rate of 40 mm/h applied 5 and 24 h after treatment in a cotton field had no appreciable effect on the potency of novaluron on both S. littoralis larvae and B. tabaci nymphs. Hence, novaluron can be used in tropical areas and during rainy seasons. In general, benzoylphenyl ureas had no direct effect on parasitoids and phytoseiids and are considered mildly affect other natural enemies. Novaluron has no cross-resistance with conventional insecticides, the JH mimics pyriproxyfen and neonicotinoids. As such, it is considered an important compound in pest management programs.
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