The article, being one of the effects of the work as part of a project of the Institute of Spatial Development concerning participation in land use planning together with visualisation, provides documentation of the state of knowledge in this respect. A combination of digital three-dimensional displaying of existing and planned elements and GIS is the most technologically developed form of visualisation in land use planning, especially with respect to cities. Nowadays, many cities use for the purpose of management three-dimensional models which enable it to exchange information about current and planned state in many areas, among others, with respect to infrastructure, safety and visualization of planned undertakings. Three-dimensional models are becoming increasingly popular because of the advancement of the technologies of effective acquisition of spatial data. However, this poses new challenges, such as the problem of determining the ownership of data which is difficult to be established explicitly in case of linking and overlapping information from various sources. Great analytical abilities also cause a problem of complying with the requirements of public safety and defence, since universally available data can become a tool for criminal actions. Compatibility of data is another issue. So that the form of model elements would be cohesive and enable it to freely exchange data, standards of the record of ISO/IEC files were established. Applications which aim at improvement of the possibilities of intercommunication and discussing projects and plans seem to be a natural consequence of the existence of the tool of digital visualization. A three-dimensional presentation can turn out to be more legible for recipients, facilitating public participation in a land use planning process. However, for this purpose, it must be included into the system of planning and public consultations. In this article, first pilot attempts to apply the three-dimensional visualization in public consultations carried out in Holland, in Denmark and in Poland are described. Research conducted on the suitability of visualisation with different degree of realism for town-and-country planning with the public participation was also described. One of the experiments was to apply a method which combines a technique of scenarios of development directions, photorealistic visualisation and public participation. During a discussion with the residents of the small town of Kravlund, a future possible policy of developing the town in different variants was being considered; in the variant of a function of intensive farming, tourism and recreation, natural and of a function of residential housing industry. The discussion was accompanied by prepared photomontages which turned out to be helpful in the debate and they enabled all the participants to better understand the ideas contained in diversified versions the plan [Tress, 2002]. The program of the European-Union Interregional Cooperation INTER-REG IIIC, as a part of the project Public Participation in Spatial Planning in Europe was carried out, gave more experience in the field discussed in this article. One of the tasks directed in Poland by the Mazovian Bureau of Regional Planning provided for an advanced form of the presentation of development plans on the Internet and a possibility of expressing remarks by inhabitants and other interested persons. The Internet comments could assume not only a text form, but also a graphical one. The tool was used for the presentation of the plan and its effects on the prognosis of changes in the environment. The attempt was assessed as successful, because of a non-confrontational course of the discussion. What makes a wider application of a similar method limited, according to the authors of the project, is heavy costs of its implementation. In the Office of Development of Gdańsk, a Study of Localization of Multi-storey Buildings was drawn up. It takes into account the method of presentation of planned investment projects and conducting a public discussion on proposals of planning solutions concerning multi-storey buildings in the area of the city. The procedure is connected with the spatial planning system functioning in this country. A few attempted efforts to use digital techniques of modelling and visualisation proved that the tools of this kind could improve the conditions of a discussion and public participation. These attempts have been of a pilot character so far which results from the lack of formal requirements concerning the form of a presentation of plans and projects during a public discussion. However, entities responsible for projects can come to a conclusion that using digital visualisation will be beneficial for them and decide to use a solution of this type. The authors emphasize the fact that high costs of the studies should be taken into account. The examples presented in the article prove that the costs incurred were beneficial in terms of increased interest and public participation.
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.
