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Hypertrophy of the heart muscle may occur as a result of maximum and prolonged physical training. Till now, heart failure has been the delineating marker for determining physiological hypertrophy and the transition period into pathological hypertrophy. The state of the heart muscle is usually evaluated by heart muscle injury markers, one of which is cardiac troponin I (cTnI). Troponin is detectable only in heart tissues and it's concentration in blood increases rapidly in relation to the level of myocardium failure. During this study some sledge dogs had increased concentrations of cTnI concentration in their sera which indicated heart muscle failure as a result of an excessive workload
The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of intestinal protozoa Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. among the sled dogs taking part in an international competition during the Dryland World Championship IFSS, in Lubliniec, Poland, April 2005. Fecal samples (n = 80) were collected during the race and during two time periods: 2-4 weeks and 6-8 weeks after the race. The immunofluorescent assay (IFA) MerIFluor Cryptosporidium/Giardia was used for the detection of parasite dispersal stages in condensed samples. The influence of a range of factors on the prevalence and the intensity of cyst/oocyst production was estimated. Giardia spp. infections were identified in four studied countries with overall prevalence of 36%. Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in samples from 2 of 4 countries with an overall prevalence of 12.5%. For both intestinal protozoa an identical dynamics of infection was noted, with the peak in prevalence and cyst/ oocyst production 2-4 weeks after WC, which supports the hypothesis of the enhanced risk of parasite transmission during the race. The number of dogs in kennels, dog sex, and age affected the Giardia infections in sled dogs. The prevalence or intensity of cyst production were higher in kennels with more than 10 dogs, in males compared to females, and in young (<2 years old) dogs. Cryptosporidium infections were more common among males and young dogs, and the prevalence was low among Husky breeds. The co-infections with both parasites were common and the presence of Giardia or Cryptosporidium infection was significantly connected with the presence of diarrhea in dogs. Consequently, it seems that protozoan infections may affect the physical condition and performance of sled dogs and contribute to zoonotic diseases in dog owners.
Uncontrolled and over-intensive training can lead to a decrease in exercise efficiency and health state disorders in dogs. Examinations of sled dogs revealed that prolonged effort induced specific biochemical changes and released indicatory enzymes into peripheral circulation. The purpose of the study was to reveal the efficacy of selected markers of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenate (LDH) and their isoenzymes, C-reactive protein (CRP), glucose and lactic acid in detecting sub clinical states of skeletal muscles lesions. Examinations were carried out on 17 sled dogs (Siberian Husky, Alaskan Malamut) at the start, during and end of the training season, before and after exercise. Dogs were in good condition before study and did not revealed clinical symptoms of disease. During progressively extended training loads a decrease in the motor activity of some dogs was noted. An increase in the activity of AST, CK and LDH5 in the examined dogs confirmed these changes and testified to skeletal muscle injury. The lack of adaptation of organism efficiency to excessive trainings loads also caused an increase in the concentration of glucose and lactic acid in the plasma of the sled dogs. C-reactive protein and inflammatory state markers were also designated to estimate of health state of the dogs. An increase of CRP concentration, noted in the examined dogs, could testified to inflammatory states of muscles or may have be connected with exercise stress. Clinical symptoms confirmed these changes. A lack of physical adaptation to the intensity of training leads to muscle injuries. Measurements of muscle injury markers during excessive load training facilitate the recognition of hyper-training states and muscles injuries in sled dogs.
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