On a background of literature review the effects of some macroeconomical factors (such as long-lasting drop of food prices, relative overproduction of plant crops, increase of the expenditures, progress in livestock breeding, fallow lying of arable lands, changes in farming methods) on the directions of structural and technological changes in plant crop production were discussed. A number of possibilities to utilize the cereals, potatoes, sugar beets, rape and maize crops as the sources of raw material for chemical industry were indicated. The perspectives of substituting conventional plant crop grawing for the production of energy supplying raw materials, such as persistent tree plants, one-years' plants for liquid and solid biofuel production etc. were presented.