The changes that will be enforced by participation of Poland in EU structures, as well as those already done, related to the presence of our economy in WTO, CEFTA and OECD, are directly connected with the accelerated modernization of agriculture and rural areas. Through the improvement of cooperation between science and consulting services with their clients, especially by creating a positive environment for increase of alternative forms of earning activity in agriculture and rural areas, these changes should contribute to improvement of economical situation of the rural population. On the topics often discussed is the issue of low innovation rate in agriculture and food industry sector, especially that part of it related to subjects active directly in its surrounding. The identification of barriers in development process, including competence, financial, market, information, investment, institutional, law barriers as well as barriers related to essential preparation of human recourses, seems to be a necessary step. The introduction of necessary changes in agricultural and science and technology policy should positively influence the share of science and consulting services in the process of economical development. The Polish market economy, from the other side, should force the necessity of unconditional implementation of these solutions into practice, pecially in the light of process of integration with EU.