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The purpose of the study was to carry out serological examinations in foxes originating from farms with unsatisfied reproduction results located in the Silesia, Lublin, Mazowsze, Pomorze, Mazury and Wielkopolska districts. Moreover, the same examinations were conducted in reference to sera of mink with bad reproduction findings. Out of 435 sera from 17 fox farms, HI antibodies were found in 28.6 per cent. Specific antibodies were also recorded in 2 of 3 mink farms. Of 132 sera, the antibodies were found in 72 samples (54.5 per cent). In addition, from 19 samples of faeces, homogenized internal organs of 7 foetuses and the uterus of a pregnant mink, a parvovirus was isolated (their HA=640-2560). A marked distribution of parvovirus infections in foxes indicates that vaccination should be carried out in the animals before copulation. However, others reasons, such as unsatisfactory nutrition, could influence bad reproduction results.
The aim of the study was to conduct serological examinations for the presence of humoral antibodies against CPV-2, using an ELISA test. Moreover, amplification and restriction analysis (PCR-RFLP) of the fragment at 1278 bp (VP-2 gene) strains of CPV-2 biological materials of dogs with diarrhea were performed. The studies were carried out on 377 urban dogs aged from 3 months 17 years. All animals were vaccinated with commercially available live or inactivated vaccines against canine parvovirosis at 8, 12, 16 weeks of age. Most of the dogs were revaccinated yearly. Serological examinations determined that most of the dogs had antibodies against CPV-2 (98%) at 2-3-years-of-age. The least seropositive dogs were below 5 months (89%) and above 10 years (85%). The highest mean titer CPV-2 virus antibody were found between 0.5 - 1 year. 95% animals with diarrhea were positive for canine parvovirosis by use of PCR. Moreover, the RFLP analysis of the VP-2 gene sequence enabled the distinction of 3 restriction patterns of CPV-2 circulating in the dog population. The study indicates the vaccination of dogs provides effective protection against canine parvovirosis infection. The occasional occurrence of CPV-2 in puppies and young dogs can indicate the presence of virulent strains of CPV-2 in the dog population.
The studies on the influence of bacteria and parvovirus infection on reproductive failure in silver and blue foxes were carried out on 21 Polish farms. Parvoviral antibodies were detected in 35 out of 229 sera tested. Parvovirus infection could be the main cause of small litter size in only 6 farms An abundant growth of E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Proteus vulgaris and Clostridium perfringens was demonstrated in vaginal and prepucal swabs collected from animals tested. Isolated bacteria were susceptible to norfloxacin and amoxicillin. Antibiotic treatment, acording to results of in vitro tests, of all animals before reproduction and all vixens before parturition, resulted in a decreased number of „empty vixens”, abortions and neonatal deaths. Application of a proper antibiotic or elaboration of an empiric scheme of infections for foxes would eliminate reproductive losses on fox farms.
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