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The Flathead mullet (Mugil cephalus) is a mullet of the genus Mugil in the family Mugilidae, found in coastal tropical, subtropical and estuarine water worldwide. Lipid was extracted from the muscle of Flathead mullet (Mugil cephalus) by solvent extraction method and characterized with respect to various chemical e.g. saponification value, saponification equivalent value, acid value, iodine value, peroxide value, ester value, thicyanogen value, unsaponifiable matter, Henher value, Polenske value, Reichert-Meissl value etc properties and compared with those of different oils. Palmitic acid, Stearic acid and Myristic acid were observed at fatty acid composition of the sample by chromatographic examination. Percentages of protein and mineral (N, P, K, Ca) in the muscle of Flathead mullet were studied by modified Kjeldahl method.
The nutritional effects of marine food have increased far and wide due to the beneficial effects of consuming marine food, fats and oils. In general, the proximate composition is well known as a proportion composition of basic elements such as protein, lipids, carbohydrate, minerals and water. The puffer fish Lagocephalus lunaris and Lagocephalus inermis were collected at Mudasal odai fish landing centre and the skin and visceral organs like gonads and intestines were removed the edible portion only took for the analysis. Species of the fish sample was oven-dried in an electric oven at between 70 – 80 °C until the samples had constant weight. The protein, carbohydrate, fat, ash and moisture content of green -rough-back puffer fish and smooth-backed blow fish were investigated. L. lunaris and L. inermis were has 9.22 %, 8.92 %, 1.96 %, 1.87 %, 11.25 %, 11.98 %, 80.32 %, 86.05 %, 0.96 %, 1.27 % respectively. Totally seven saturated fatty acids; ten Mono unsaturated fatty acids and two poly unsaturated fatty acids were found as the major components on the investigated puffer fish. Polyunsaturated fatty acid like n-3 has 31.17 %, 31.19 and n-6 7.26 %, 7.29 % of PUSFA found as the dominant composition on puffer fish. This study revealed that these species are having high saturated fatty acid and protein content and able to compete with more commercially utilize species in terms of nutritional value, and they can definitely also compete when it comes to taste. It can act as a good source of nutritional and economic value when it is carefully handled and properly cooked.
Gari fortified with Bambara Groundnut Flour (BGF) was assessed for its proximate composition, functional properties, sensory evaluation and Rheological properties. Four samples; 100% gari (coded SLY), 90 % gari with 10 % BGF (coded ATS), 85 % gari with 15 % BGF (coded FEA), and 80 % gari with 20 % BGF (coded ROT) were examined for the parameters listed above. The proximate analysis showed that the protein content ranges between 0.98-4.68 %, fat content 1.10-2.60 %, ash content 1.82-2.90 %, crude fibre 2.30-2.42 %. This showed an increase on addition of BGF while the carbohydrate content ranges between 78.20-83.5 %, moisture 11.60-12.6% and acidity 0.40-0.60, all showed a decrease in value on adding BGF. Rheological value showed that the peak viscosity ranges between 106.17-177.17, trough viscosity 98.33-161.00, breakdown 7.83-16.71, final viscosity 150.50-251.67, set back 52.17-90.67 and pasting time between 6.87-6.93. All these varied inversely with the quantity of BGF added. Pasting temperature showed slight variation which was not dependent on the amount of BGF added. It ranges from 79.2-80.02 °C. Sensory evaluation showed that there were significant differences in the samples examined.
Proximate composition of the three green seaweeds viz., Chaetomorpha aerea, Enteromorpha intestinalis, Enteromorpha compressa one brown seaweed Dictyota dichotoma and one red seaweed Gracilaria corticata was investigated by determination of protein, carbohydrates, lipid, moisture and ash content. In the present study, the total protein was recarded upper most in E. intestinalis and bare minimum in E. compressa. The maximum carbohydrates recorded in C. aerea and minimum in G. corticata. The lipid content was acquired upper limit in E. compressa and least in C. aerea. The ash and moisture content in following of 5 different seaweeds are as follows: 7.45mg/g, 3.91mg/g were recorded in the C. aerea, 8.52mg/g, 3.42mg/g in the E. intestinalis, 8.58mg/g, 3.75mg/g in the E. compressa, 9.47mg/g, 4.23mg/g in the D. dichotoma and 6.95mg/g, 3.98mg/g in G. corticata. The proximate composition of 5 different seaweed species exhibited high nutritional value for human consumption.
In the present work, genetic diversity in nutritional composition of sixteen plum genotypes growing at four different locations of Tehsil Rawalakot, District Poonch of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (Pakistan) were studied. Various parameters like moisture, dry matter, ash and total soluble solids contents, acidity, pH, vitamin C and sugar content, shelf-life and sensory/organoleptic evaluation, anthocyanins, phenolics and antioxidant activity were evaluated and variation in these characteristics has been discussed. The results suggested that the genotypes differed in their nutritional composition of fruits, anthocyanin and phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of fruit. The results of the present study regarding the nutritional status of existing plum germplasm will contribute and increase our knowledge about the genus Prunus and broaden the gene pool available for future plant breeding programs.
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