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Silverthiosulphate which is a potent inhibitor of ethylene action was found to be ineffective in delaying senescence of detached flowers of Iris germanica whereas cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor, effectively delayed the senescence of these flowers and extended the longevity to 6 days. However, this treatment resulted in suppression of bud opening. When cycloheximide treatment was given at progressive intervals it became less effective in inhibiting bud opening and delaying senescence. Cycloheximide treatment maintained a higher protein content in the perianth tissue of flowers compared to untreated flowers.
This study examined changes of bacteria numbers in the surface microlayer (SM) and subsurface water (SW) of a lake during a day- and night-time. The research also addresses the synthesis of DNA and cell protein as well as the activity of cellular dehydrogenases depending on time of the day. Results demonstrated that in spring and summer the numbers of bacteria (per cm3 ) in the SM was significantly greater during night-time than day-time (average: May, daytime – 30.058 × 10⁶, night-time – 71.343 × 10⁶; July, day-time – 10.801 × 10⁶, night-time – 40.353 × 10⁶). In October, numbers of bacteria in dayand night-time were not statistically different (respectively: 5.841 × 10⁶ and 3.664 × 10⁶). Results indicated also that the rate of DNA synthesis by SM bacteria was much higher in the night-time (average: May – 2.049 × 10⁻⁶ pg h⁻¹ cell⁻¹; July – 1.363 × 10⁻⁶ pg h⁻¹ cell⁻¹), than in the day-time (average: May – 0.7263 × 10⁻⁶ pg h⁻¹ cell⁻¹; July – 0.3404 ×10⁻⁶ pg h⁻¹ cell⁻¹). In contrast, in October the values of DNA synthesis by SM bacteria were higher in night-time. These changes are significantly smaller in SW at a depth of several dozen centimetres. However, no significant impact was observed of a time of the day on the activity of protein synthesis and activity of cellular dehydrogenases by bacteria inhabiting SM and SW.
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The role of sulfation in the processing of mucus glycoprotein in gastric mucosa was investigated. Rat gastric mucosal segments were incubated in MEM at various medium sulfate concentrations in the presence of [³⁵S]Na₂ SO₄ [³H] glucosamine and [³H]proline, with and without chlorate an inhibitor of PAPS formation. The results revealed that the mucin sulfation attained maximum at 300 µM medium sulfate concentration. Introduction of chlorate into the incubation medium, while having no effect on the protein synthesis as evidenced by [³H]proline incorporation, caused at its optimal concentration of 2 mM a 90% decrease in mucin sulfation and a 40% drop in mucin glycosylation. Evaluation of mucin molecular forms distribution indicated the predominance of the high molecular mucin form in the interacellular fraction and the low molecular mucin from in the extracellular fraction. Increase in medium sulfate caused an increase in the high molecular weight mucin form in both fractions, and this effect was inhibited by chlorate. Also, higher medium sulfate concentrations led to a higher degree of sulfation in the high molecular weight mucin form, the effect of which was inhibited by chlorate. The results suggest that the sulfation process is an early event taking place at the stage of mucin subunit assembly and is required for mucin polymer formation. Hence, the disturbances in mucin sulfation process could be determinal to the maintenance of gastric mucus coat integrity.
In developing Gallería mellonella larvae (reared at 30°C) three proteins of 74/ 76 and 81/82 kDa were identified. They represent a group of storage proteins (LHP proteins). In Galleria larvae, the development of which is arrested by low temperature (18°C)/ accumulation of the 74, 76 and 81/82 kDa proteins was detected in the hemolymph. The synthesis of 74 kDa and 76 kDa proteins started after 24 h, and that of about 80 kDa after 96 h following the transfer of larvae from 30°C to 18°C. 20-Hydroxyecdysone inhibited synthesis of the 74 and 76 kDa proteins in larvae exposed to low temperature. The arrest of development of Galleria larvae is associated with the synthesis and accumulation of storage proteins, and ecdysteroids are involved in these processes.
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