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The population of Adonis vernalis in the Niecka Nidziańska basin has been described. The distribution of its resources, habitat requirements, threats and possibilities of protection are discussed. The occurrence of the species at 73 localities is confirmed. The development and persistence of the entire population depend on the dynamics of natural phytocoenoses in which grows. Resources, surface areas and development dynamics differ in individual subpopulations. Guidelines for collecting Adonis vernalis herb as a pharmacological material are given. Despite the number of the localities, the plant is under threat by overgrowing with bushes and resulting changes in light conditions as well as by frequent and excessive burning of xerothermic grasslands.
Occurrence of rare and protected plant species is regarded as a strong argument for creating a protected area. It is therefore especially important to know whether rare and protected species are reliable indicators of abundance of other, more common, unprotected species. We analysed co-occurrence of protected and rare species with other xerothermic plant species in calcareous xeric grassland in Western Poland. In the years 2005–2006, on 62 plots (25 m² each) we identified vascular plants on a 60 km² area in the Odra R. Valley and its smaller tributaries valleys. Legally protected species appeared not to be better indicators of xerothermic species richness than non-protected species. The rarest species (Anthericum liliago L., Carex supina Willd. ex Wahlenb. and Stipa borysthenica Klokov ex Prok.) were significantly less useful indicators of xerothermic species richness than other rare and common species. These results let us conclude that designing a network of protected areas on the basis of rare and protected species may result that some common species, biodiversity hotspots or well developed phytocenoses will be ignored.
This research sought to indicate changes in the area of plant communities designated for protection in part of the middle Vistula river valley. The study concerned the 50-year period 1949–2001, with the changes registered cartographically. The study area (about 905 km2) is located between the Sanna confluence above Annopol and Góra Kalwaria (from km 295 to km 482 of the river course). The analysis of changes determined the general trends of the natural environment transformation in the second half of 20th century that helped to indicate areas that should be protected additionally. Nineteen types of habitats listed in legal statutes (Habitats Directive etc.) were identified in the chosen part of the valley. Over 50 years, grassland communities have undergone the most significant modifications. Vegetation changes reveal a tendency of a lowering of the water level or a change in the horizontal movement of water as well as of aggradation (increased sediment accumulation) in the river-channel. There are indications that two specific areas should be protected additionally because of the definite presence of valuable natural habitats.
The paper presents three new localities of Nasturtium microphyllum reported on the Ilanka River near Rzepin. In one of the localities onerow yellowcress specimens were in the flowering and fruiting stages, while in the two other localities plants were flowering, but they were not bearing fruits. Fruiting specimens were identifi ed on the basis of seed sculpture traits, while flowering plants – by flow cytometry, based on the genome size.
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Bladdernut (Staphylea pinnata L.) in Polish folklore

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Staphylea pinnata occurs in Europe, mainly in central and SE areas, and in Asia Minor. In Poland it has a few dozen localities in the Carpathians, plus scattered localities in other regions of southern Poland. The aim of the article was to summarise records on its traditional use in Poland. In some places of its occurrence Staphylea used to be a revered shrub, with many uses. Its hard seeds were used for making beads in rosaries. Its very hard wood was used to make butter-making dashers and small crosses. Due to the magic, apotropaic properties the plant was believed to have, not only were crosses made of it, but the plant’s branches were blessed in churches (with other important plants) on Palm Sunday, on the eighth day after Corpus Christi, and on August the 15th. The branches were also attached to cows’ horns, for magic purposes. Most of the presented traditonal uses are practically extinct now, but are still remembered by the most elderly people. Only the making of bladdernut seed rosaries is still practiced by some monks, nuns and hobbyists. In Lubzina near Ropczyce a special church service is organised on the 15th of August, in which the plant is blessed. Branches with bladdernut fruits are also blessed ( by single individuals) on that day in some churches in the region south of Jasło. The variety of traditional uses of bladdernut in magic rituals strongly supports the hypotheses that the plant was grown from times immemorial and many of its localities are of anthropogenic origin.
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