The main objective of the research was to assess the allocation of funds in the Rural Development Program in Poland by using optimization methods. A set of simulations using a linear programming model of budget allocation is presented in the paper. Farmers’ and experts’ assessments of the effectiveness of structural programs were used as objective function coefficients for the model. In order to gather these assessments a survey of experts and farmers was done in four selected regions of Poland. The results of simulations of the Polish Rural Development Program budget allocation using diverse coefficient values were compared with the allocation done within that program by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development.