This article presents the concept of the methodology for assessing the implementation of programmes of measures adopted in the State Water and Environmental Programme, and, in consequence, in the framework of the first water management plans for river basin districts in Poland, as approved by the Council of Ministers on 22nd February, 2011, and published in the official journals. The scope of work in the methodology concept primarily concerns two basic analyses: assessment of the accomplishment of programmes of measures with regard to the degree of their accomplishment, and assessment of the effectiveness of scheduled programmes of measures. The level of accomplishment should be understood as the quantitative status of progress of particular measures, whereas effectiveness means their direct or indirect impact on the achievement of environmental goals of the Water Framework Directive. For this purpose, for some of the measures databases and reports existing in institutions responsible for the performance of measures indicated in the SWEP were used. For the rest of the measures, the survey method was used. For the purpose of the surveying process, the preparation of appropriate matrixes with measures marked for institutions, and also of email address databases, were proposed. Also, identifiers serving to link answers with specific areas on maps that trace measures were proposed. The present and forecast situation concerning reporting in the scope of the WFD and other tasks connected with it in the field of environmental protection leads to the conclusion that the coordination of reporting at the state level and the improvement of the flow of information between interested institutions is necessary.
Byla vypracována metodika odběru potu a jeho analýzy, která má zpřesnit podklady pro doplňování ztrát tekutin a minerálů při intenzivní fyzické činnosti. Během sledování v laboratorních i v terénních podmínkách u dobrovolníků byly měřeny teplota a vlhkost vzduchu, teplota zvukovodu a kůže, tlak krve, srdeční frekvence. V podpaždí a na hrudi probandů byly připevněny odběrové potní misky. Vlastní ztráta tekutin byla určena z rozdílu hmotnosti probanda před a po vyšetření. Stanovení obsahu chloridů v lidském potu bylo provedeno pomocí iontové chromatografie a obsah Na⁺ a K⁺ iontů pomocí atomové absorpční spektrometrie. Při intenzivních pracovních činnostech, v závislosti na klimatických podmínkách zevního prostředí, byly za sledované období naměřeny ztráty tekutin dosahující až 900 ml a ztráty minerálů až téměř 10 g. Při delší zátěži dochází k snižování koncentrace minerálů v potu. Množství tekutin ztracených při zátěži závisí i na výchozím stavu hydratace organismu.
Rural development policies lately take an inter-sectoral area-based approach. This turn raises questions relating to governance on the one hand and issues relating to the participation of different sectors therein on the other. In this paper I present a case study from Germany, focussing on three area-based rural development funding programmes, two temporary pilot programmes and a mainstream scheme. The concept of regional governance is shown to play a crucial role in the implementation of pilot programmes, while mainstream policy only partly is affected. Forestry as a sector was found to only play a minor role in such processes of regional governance. This paper reveals sector – internal as well as – external causes of this phenomenon and closed with conclusions on how to (sector-internally and – externally) enhance forestry participation to area-based rural development programmes.
The current paper aims to outline the potential and most important aspects of the Strategic Environmental Assessment process (directive 2001/42/EC). First of all, the analysis considers the importance of evaluation instruments in decision-making processes and moves on to environmental assessment, focusing on the peculiarities of Strategic Environmental Assessment. Although SEA is an innovative instrument in favouring and promoting a democratic approach to the government and development of the territory, it nonetheless presents a series of problems. The latter regard aspects such as: its integration into planning and programming activities, its role within these processes, the methodologies applied, stakeholder involvement, the quality of the assessment process and the how the suggestions are perceived and acknowledged.
Based on WHO recomendations for prevention of cardiovascular diseases developed European countries pay attention for nutrition improvement of population at governmental level. In 1999 The Government of Slovak Republic resolved The Programmme for Nutrution Improvement of the Slovak population. Whitin this Programme in department of Ministry of Defence there was created health advisory centre for healthy nutrition and healthy lifestyle in Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology which monitor nutrition state, perform educational and advisory activity for professional soldiers and civilians. There are presented results of selected biochemically indicators from clients during 6 years of working of healt advisory centre. ( Total cholesterol, triglycerids, glucose, HDL- cholesterol, BMI- Body Mass Index and WHR - Waist Hip Ratio).
Food business operators are required to implement and maintain a system based on HACCP principles. The HACCP is the only food safety management system, the implementation of which is obligatory. The standards laid down by the Codex Alimentarius Commission serve as benchmarks not only for the obligatory implementation of the HACCP system principles, but also for private standards such as ISO, IFS or BRC. A voluntary implementation of private standards may lead to the wrong assumption that food companies do not necessarily have to but only may comply with the guidelines laid down by the implemented standard. The HACCP system guarantees no absolute food safety in and of itself. The underlying assumption of the HACCP system is that high-risk hazards should be controlled with the use of critical control points (CCPs). It is impossible to identify CCPs in all enterprises. In certain food businesses there are exclusively medium-risk or low-risk hazards that may be controlled with oPRPs or PRPs, respectively. The awareness on the role of critical control points and prerequisite programmes in the producer’s efforts to prevent or eliminate hazards, or to reduce them to acceptable levels, is a key for performing a comprehensive supervision. During the performance of an official control, instead of focusing exclusively on the HACCP procedures, it is reasonable to apply an integrated approach comprising both prerequisite programmes and the HACCP principles.