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An analysis of muscle balance in professional field hockey players

100%

Kawalek K., Garsztka T.

Trends in Sport Sciences

2013

tom 20

nr 4

Introduction. The purpose of practicing sport is to improve one’s physical fitness and technical skills. Highly specialized training strengthens particular muscles, which due to repeated overuse may become hypertonic and shortened. This kind of disorder of soft tissues surrounding joints limits the articular range of motion and causes pain, which in effect reduces an athlete’s ability to compete. Aim of Study. The aim of this study was to evaluate the state of muscle balance in field hockey players. The research sample consisted of seventeen professional players from the Polish National Field Hockey Team from 2009. Material and Methods. The research methods included muscle length tests and a questionnaire survey on players’ pain symptoms and their knowledge about maintaining muscle balance. Results. Insignificant asymmetric muscle balance disorders were found in the upper limb region. The external rotators of the shoulder joint were the most overused muscles. Significant symmetric muscle length disorders were found in the lower limb region – the iliopsoas was shortened in 100% of cases, and rectus femoris in 63%. Conclusions. Several conclusions were drawn. The most significant one is that all field hockey players exhibit disturbances in muscle length and suffer pain. This research shows which muscles are highly overloaded and should be taken into consideration in developing programs of stretching exercises. To improve the efficiency of these exercises they should be supervised by an experienced physiotherapist.

ACE I/D genotype in professional field hockey players

100%

Gronek P., Holdys J., Konarski J., Krysciak J., Wolc A.

Trends in Sport Sciences

2013

tom 20

nr 1

Introduction. Numerous studies have focused on the association between I/D ACE and physical fi tness; however, this association in professional hockey players has never been recognized. Aim of the Study. The study examined the distribution of Alu insertion (I)/deletion (D) angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) genotypes in elite male professional fi eld hockey players. Material and Methods. The effect of Alu insertion (I)/deletion (D) angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) genotypes on motor skills and maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max) in 47 elite male fi eld hockey players was studied. Genotyping for ACE I/D was performed using a polymerase chain reaction on DNA from leucocytes. The studied motor skills such as speed – 20 m run, power – vertical jump, recovery – step-test, speed endurance (15 x 20 m) shuttle run, were established using functional tests. The VO₂max was measured during progressive exercise test till exhaustion. Results. The authors do not confi rm some literature data that D allele favours endurance ability. We did not detect signifi cant genotype effects of ACE on the analyzed traits; how-ever a tendency for decreased performance of individuals with the DD genotype was noted for vertical jump, power peak and power. Conclusions. Analysis of the genetic profi le of ACE I/D may provide supplemetary information on a player’s predispositions to exercise with specifi c energy requirements.

Ograniczanie wyników

2 Trends in Sport Sciences

1 Garsztka T.

1 Gronek P.

1 Holdys J.

1 Kawalek K.

1 Konarski J.

1 Krysciak J.

1 Wolc A.

2 2013

Wyniki wyszukiwania

An analysis of muscle balance in professional field hockey players

ACE I/D genotype in professional field hockey players