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The study was conducted on 640 chickens randomly divided into two groups, each having four replications (4 control and 4 experimental - L-carnitine) with 80 chickens per pen. Chickens in the control (C) and experimental groups (E) received a feed of the same nutritional value, and chickens from the experimental group were supplemented with Aminocarnifarm (43.68% of L-carnitine) in drinking water (62.5 g per 100 l) during three periods: from 1 to 7, 21 to 28, and 36 to 42 days of age. The study evaluated the effect of L-carnitine supplemented to chickens on production results and results of slaughter analysis. It was found that Aminocarnifarm supplemented to drinking water improved feed conversion during the whole rearing period, reduced mortality, and contributed to increases in average body weight, dressing percentage and proportion of leg muscles (males), reduced the proportion of breast muscles (males and females), and decreased carcass fatness (males).
Effect of management system on production results and slaughter value of fatteners. The studies were conducted in the farm, possessing three management systems and production of fatteners on litter-free (SB), shallow litter (SPS) and deep litter (SGS). There were managed 200 (SB), 446 (SGS) and 883 (SGS) four-breed fatteners (Landrace x Large White) x (Duroc x Pietrain), with the preservation of standards in respect of environmental parameters. After completion of 2-stage fattening, in which full-ration mixtures (from body weight of ca. 30 kg up to 120 kg) were employed, the animals were slaughtered. The effect of management system on growth rate and feed conversion (FCR) and slaughter value of pigs was evaluated. Daily gains for fatteners managed in SB, SPS and SGS systems were equal to 983, 971 and 845 g and FCR amounted to 2.71, 2.63 and 2.97 kg. The obtained results may be considered as very good ones. The deaths did not exceed 2% what is a good result. Meatiness of the fatteners kept in three discussed systems was higher than 58%, was very good and comparable in the groups. Qualification of the carcasses to the appropriate classes in EUROP system occurred to be most favourable for SGS (93.44% carcasses in classes S-E) although in the case of SB, all carcasses were classified into classes with a higher meatiness, that is, S-U. The results of fattening confirm the advantages of floor management system and its main superiority as compared to the systems of deep and shallow litter, whereas the results of slaughter evaluation indicate rather certain advantages of deep litter system. It seems, however, justifiable to utilize - in practice – different solutions in respect of management of the fatteners, with the indication to litter-free system as being more favourable in respect of the obtained production results.
The effect of a housing system on production results and slaughter analysis of slow-growing chickens. The study covered 720 Cobb x Zielononóżka kuropatwiana (Cobb x Zk) chickens reared until the 63rd day of life. On the day of introduction to a hen house, the chickens were randomly divided into 2 groups: a control group (reared indoors – ID, 360 birds) and an experimental group (reared with outdoor access – OD, 360 birds), with 5 replications in each group (72 birds). The differentiating factor in the study was the possibility of using grassy free ranges up to the 28th day of life in the OD group. Individual body weight, feed intake and mortality rate were monitored throughout the production period. On day 63, 20 birds were selected at random from each group for slaughter (10 cocks and 10 hens, 2 from each replication). The selected birds had body weights similar to the average body weight for a given sex in a group. In total, 40 carcasses were dissected. The study demonstrated a significant (P≤0.05) effect of the access to a free range on the final body weight of hens. The housing system affected also the mortality rate of Cobb x Zk chickens. The birds having the access to the free range were characterized by a significantly (P≤0.01) lower mortality rate (0.55%) compared to the control birds (1.11%). In addition, the study showed a significantly (P≤0.01) lower carcass weight of cocks from the experimental group (OD, 1491g) compared to cocks from the control group (ID, 1530g) and a significantly lower weight of breast muscles (317g and 338g, respectively). A similar tendency was observed in the case of hens, namely a lower carcass weight, breast muscle weight and fat weight in the group having access to grassy free ranges.The housing system had a significant effect of growth of the body weight of hens having the possibility of using grassy free ranges. The Cobb x Zk chickens characterized by high dressing percentage, similar contents of breast muscles and leg muscles as well as good health status, may be used as material for the rearing free range.
Doświadczenia polowe przeprowadzono w latach 2005 i 2006 w dwóch miejscowościach: Lipniku, koło Stargardu Szczecińskiego (gleba klasy bonitacyjnej IVb, kompleks przydatności rolniczej żytni dobry), i Kruszynie Krajeńskim, koło Bydgoszczy (gleba klasy bonitacyjnej V, kompleks przydatności rolniczej żytni słaby. Doświadczenia założono w układzie zależnym „split-plot” w 3 powtórzeniach. Badano dwa czynniki: nawadnianie (kontrola, deszczowanie) i nawożenie azotem (0, 40, 80 i 120 kg N·ha–1). Plony prosa uprawianego na glebie klasy V bez nawadniania zależały od ilości opadów w okresie wegetacji. Mniejsze plony (1.46 t·ha–1) zanotowano w roku o niższych opadach (161 mm od 1 maja do 31 sierpnia). Większe plony (2,45 t·ha–1) otrzymano w roku z wyższymi opadami (229 mm). Potrzeby wodne prosa w okresie wegetacji (maj – sierpień), oszacowane jako tzw. opady optymalne według Klatta i Pressa, były większe na glebie bardzo lekkiej (V klasa) w Kruszynie Krajeńskim (wynosząc odpowiednio 278 i 294 mm) niż policzone dla gleby lekkiej (klasa IVb) w Lipniku (odpowiedno 260 i 256 mm). Najwyższe niedobory opadów w okresie wegetacji prosa, policzone jako różnica pomiędzy opadami optymalnymi według Klatta i Pressa dla określonego miesiąca a sumą opadów rzeczywistych, zanotowano w lipcu. Efekty produkcyjne nawadniania zależały od kompleksu glebowego. Deszczowanie istotnie zwiększyło plony ziarna prosa odmiany ‘Jagna’ o 1,9 t·ha–1 (97%) na glebie bardzo lekkiej (Kruszyn Krajeński). W warunkach gleby lekkiej (Lipnik) deszczowanie zwiększyło plony ziarna o 0,6 t·ha–1 (17%). Wzrastające dawki nawożenia azotowego (od 0 do 120 kg N·ha–1) spowodowały (w warunkach deszczowania) istotny przyrost plonu ziarna prosa do poziomu 4,53 t·ha–1 na glebie V klasy i 4,07 t·ha–1na glebie klasy IVb.
The study was conducted to investigate the effect of applying of two different additives to the straw litter on the physical and chemical characteristics of bedding and on turkey broiler performance.In building B-1 birds were kept on straw supplemented with brown fine coal, in building B-2 litter was sprayed with EM-1 microbe vaccine solution (200 ml/10 l water) twice a day. Building B-3 was a control object. During the experiment thermo-vision photographs of the surface and the inside layers of litter were taken. Once a week determined were the extent of litter surface encrustation and the health status of legs in turkeys. After rearing, final mortality and body live weight were specified.Both tested additives led to the significant rise in litter temperature, which positively affected its physical parametres and contributed to the improvement of the birds’ welfare and performance (lower mortality, higher final weight).
The study was carried out in order to determine the frequency of droughts in the period of increased water needs in potato, and to assess the needs and expected productive effects of the plants grown under irrigation on the basis of temporal variation of the standardized precipitation index SPI in the Kujawsko- Pomorskie district. Rainfall data were derived from standard measurements of atmospheric precipitation in between 1 July and 31 August in the multi-annual period 1981-2010.These data were obtained from the branches of COBORU in Chrząstowo, Głębokie and Głodowo, and the University of Technology and Life Sciences Research Centre in Mochełek. The results of carried research showed that the frequency of occurrence of dry spell during the period of increased needs for water of potato amounted to 26.7-40.0% in the region, depending on the locality. Strong droughts occurred in the year 1983, 1989, 1992 and 1994, moderate drought in 2005 and weak droughts in 1982, 1984 and 1999. Great irrigation needs of potato which corresponded to periods of strong and moderate droughts (SPI ≤ - 1.0) have been identified in 5 years of the 30 years examined. The expected increase in the yield of potato tubers grown on light soils under irrigation during those years exceeded 15.7t.ha-1. In the 9 years of the 30 have occurred mediumlevel irrigation needs, which in the period of July-August, corresponded to SPI values between 0 and -1.0.
The experiment was carried out with 320 chickens (fast-growing Hubbard Flex and slow-growing Hubbard JA 957) divided into two experimental groups, each having 160 birds in four replicates, with 40 birds per replicate. During the experiment, body weight was measured initially and at weekly intervals, and feed intake and flock health were determined to calculate feed conversion (kg per 1 kg gain) and percent mortality in the flock. The aim of the study was to compare body weight, growth rate and production results in fast-growing Hubbard Flex (42 days) and slow-growing Hubbard JA 957 (42 and 63 days) chickens designed for free-range husbandry. It was found that fast-growing Hub-bard Flex chickens reared to 42 days of age were characterized by higher body weight and better feed conversion compared to Hubbard JA 957 chickens, at both 42 and 63 days of age. However, the flock of slow-growing Hubbard JA 957 chickens was in better health. Until 42 days of growth, mortality in this flock was 1.87% compared to 3.38% in the Hubbard Flex flock. Over the whole rearing period (63 days), Hubbard JA 957 chickens had a mortality of 3.16%. Because of their better resistance and lower mortality, especially during the final period of growth, slow-growing chickens should be a more desirable choice for alternative husbandry systems.
Podjęto próbę określenia wpływu stosowania w żywieniu tucz­ników dawek z udziałem CCM, ziemniaków parowanych, pasz przemys­łowych oraz śrut zbożowych i serwatki. Najkorzystniejszy wskaź­nik paszochłonności uzyskano przy zastosowaniu CCM i śrut zbożo­wych z udziałem serwatki. Pasze te charakteryzowały się także najniższym przeciętnym kosztem jednostki owsianej, co spowodowa­ło, że jednostkowy koszt przyrostu masy był najniższy, w grupach tych uzyskano także najniższą energochłonność przyrostu masy tuczników oraz najkorzystniejszy wskaźnik sprawności energe­tycznej .
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