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The seasonal variations in the cholesterol content in butter in relation to the fatty acid compositions were studied. No statistically significant differences in the cholesterol content depending on the season of the year were found. The differences in the cholesterol content in butter manufactured conventionally or continuously were also insignificant (p=0.05). The analysis of correlation showed statistically significant (p=0.05) dependence between the butter cholesterol content and iodine value (r=0.47), volatile fatty acids content (r=-0.38), and the C16:0/C18:0 ratio (r = 0.36).
The study was located in a Scots pine plantation established on the outer dumping ground of the Lignite Mine in Bełchatów using different seedling production methods. The seedlings used in the study were raised in a bare-root forest nursery, a foil greenhouse and a container nursery mycorrhized and not-mycorrhized with the fungus Hebeloma crustuliniforme. The survival of seedlings in the first year after planting, their growth based on height and root collar diameter measurements and the degree of root mycorrhization were determined. The Scots pine seedlings growing under the outer dumping ground conditions were evaluated for their usefulness in silvicultural practice taking account of the method of their production.
This study, conducted in the period 2006-2008, involved an evaluation of yield and commercially useful traits of red cabbage grown from seedlings produced from seeds sown at three different times (the second decade of April, the third decade of April, and the first decade of May). Seedlings were produced in multicell trays in an unheated greenhouse and in a nursery bed from seeds sown at the same time. The experiment included 6 red cabbage cultivars (‘Huzaro F1’, ‘Kalibos’, ‘Langedijker Polana’, ‘Rodeo F1’, ‘Roxy F1’, ‘Zelox F1’). After cabbage heads were harvested in the second decade of October (in each year), total and marketable yield as well as head weight and the head shape index were determined. Red cabbage yield was shown to be significantly dependent on the cultivar, time of sowing, and method of seedling production. Among the cultivars studied, the following proved to be the most productive, irrespective of the other experimental factors: ‘Zelox F1’ (marketable yield averaged 398.11 kg×100 m-2), ‘Roxy F1’ (marketable yield averaged 368.82 kg×100 m-2), and ‘Rodeo F1’ (marketable yield averaged 331.59 kg×100 m-2). The cultivar ‘Kalibos’ was characterized by the lowest marketable yield (on average 257.09 kg×100 m-2). Delayed sowing (to produce seedlings) by 10 and 20 days, compared to the earliest sowing time, had a significant effect on the reduction in total and marketable yield. Irrespective of the time of sowing, the production of seedlings in multicell trays did not have a significant effect on higher head weight. But the influence of the cultivar was significant – heads of the highest weight were found in the yield of the cultivar ‘Zelox F1’ (head weight was on average 1.71 kg). The head shape index was more than 1 and on average it did not exceed 1.35. The cultivar ‘Kalibos’ had the most elongated heads (with a conical shape), while cabbage heads in the cultivar ‘Langedijker Polana’ were closest to the spherical shape.
A study was designed to obtain hapolid and double haploid (DH) plants from cucumber cultivars tolerant to Pseudoperonospora cubensis. The main goal was to identify RAPD molecular markers associated with downy mildew resistance. On average, 20% of embryos generated in two experiments, were converted to haploid plants. RAPD markers that differentiated susceptible and resistant H and DH plants were identified. Somaclonal variation in DH lines was seldom detected.
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