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The aim of the study was comparison of the milk performance of primiparous cows from 6 European countries with Polish Holstein-Friesians, as well as to demonstrate the differences within the different genetic groups. Material consisted of data contained in the dairy reports gathered from 26 farm “Healthy Cow” project. The analysis involved data including milk yield and its chemical composition, i.e.: fat, protein, lactose, solids, and urea somatic cells count in milk. On the basis of these results, it was found that the country of origin had significant impact on daily milk yield, % fat, % protein, % of lactose and also affected dry matter content, urea and somatic cells in the milk of lactating cows. Research reviled that there were not differences in milk performance between imported and native cows. However, the breed of cows had an strong impact on daily milk production, % protein, % lactose,% dry weight, as well as urea content and somatic cells count.
The aim of this study was to create new strategies to increase the pregnancy rate, in "ovsynch protocol" treatment. Two programs for synchronisation of ovulation and for synchronisation of ovulation and oestrus, similar to the ovsynch, were developed for the use in lactating primiparous dairy cows. Lactating Holstein-Friesian cows were randomly divided into five treatment groups: the GPG group (ovsynch) was treated with GnRH on day 0, PGF (PGF2α) on day 7, and received the second dose of GnRH 48 h later; the groups -7PGPG and - 2PGPG received the same treatment as the GPG group, but were given an additional injection of PGF 7 and 2 d before the start of the GPG treatment; respectively, the PG9PG group received the same treatment as the -2PGPG group, with the modification that the first GnRH injection was given simultaneously with the first PGF on the 2nd d; the GPEG group received the same treatment as the GPG group, but was injected an additional oestradiol propionate (EP) 24 h after the PGF. Plasma progesterone concentrations were determined at the days of the first hormone injection and the last PGF injection. Ovulation rates after the first GnRH and last PGF injections were calculated and presumptive sizes of the follicles on the last PGF injection day were determined in all the cows by rectal palpation. Cows detected to be at oestrus in 72 h after the last PGF injection was inseminated between the 8th and 12th h of their oestrus. Cows not detected to be in oestrus by 72 h after the last PGF received timed artificial insemination (TAI). While the ovulations mostly occurred in the GPG, GPEG, and -7PGPG groups at a period between the 48th and 96th h after the last PGF injection, the ovulations had shifted and occurred between 72 and 120 h, with 66.7% of all ovulations recorded between 72 and 96 h in the -2PGPG group. In the PG9PG group, ovulations took place dispersedly between the 0th and 120th h after the last PGF injection. The pre-synchronisation treatment (-7PGPG) by a PGF injection 7 d prior to the ovsynch protocol did not enhance the ovulation or pregnancy rates. The pre-synchronisation treatment by PGF injected 2 d before the ovsynch protocol, increased the number of cows that ovulated after the first GnRH injection (88.9% vs. 38.9%; P<0.05), produced smaller follicles at the time of the second PGF injection (1.1±0.13 vs. 1.6±0.16 cm; P<0.05) and increased pregnancy rates numerically (72.2% vs. 50.0%; P>0.05). Adding EP to GPG (GPEG), enhanced the expression of oestrus (P<0.05) and increased pregnancy rates slightly (60.0% vs. 50.0%; P>0.05). In conclusion, the -2PGPG and GPEG treatments are potentially new methods for routine synchronisation of ovulation and oestrus and/or ovulation, respectively, in primiparous Holstein-Friesian cows.
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of hind limb conformation on claw disorders and locomotion in primiparous cows. The cows, housed in tie stalls (n=68) and in free stalls (n=74), calved throughout the year 2008. Rear legs set rear view, rear legs set side view, and foot angle scores were given in a scale from 1 to 9. Locomotion scores were defined in a scale from 1 to 5. Cows with healthy hooves had straight rear legs in rear view and lower scores for rear legs side view than cows with hoof disorders in hind limbs.
The objeclive of this study was to determine whether changes of biochemical indicators and T lymphocyte subpopulations during the prepartum period would differ between primiparous dairy cows that developed clinical metritis after calving and those that remained healthy. Cows that developed clinical metritis (53.3%) showed significant differences in age of the first calving and yield of milk during the first month of lactation. Clinical metritis in primiparous dairy cows was not connected with metabolic changes before parturition. Lower percentage of CD2+, CD4+, and CD8+ in metritic cows may be linked to the immunosuppression observed in periparturient cows.
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