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This paper is the second part of the description of the first stage of the SatBałtyk project’s implementation. Part 1 (Woźniak et al. 2011, in this issue) presents the assumptions and objectives of SatBałtyk and describes the most important stages in the history of our research, which is the foundation of this project. It also discusses the operation and general structure of the SatBałtyk system. Part 2 addresses various aspects of the practical applicability of the SatBałtyk Operational System to Baltic ecosystem monitoring. Examples are given of the Baltic’s characteristics estimated using the preliminary versions of the algorithms in this Operational System. At the current stage of research, these algorithms apply mainly to the characteristics of the solar energy influx and the distribution of this energy among the various processes taking place in the atmosphere-sea system, and also to the radiation balance of the sea surface, the irradiance conditions for photosynthesis and the condition of plant communities in the water, sea surface temperature distributions and some other marine phenomena correlated with this temperature. Monitoring results obtained with these preliminary algorithms are exemplified in the form of distribution maps of selected abiotic parameters of the Baltic, as well as structural and functional characteristics of this ecosystem governed by these parameters in the Baltic’s many basins. The maps cover practically the whole area of the Baltic Sea. Also given are results of preliminary inspections of the accuracy of the magnitudes shown on the maps. In actual fact, the errors of these estimates are relatively small. The further practical application of this set of algorithms (to be gradually made more specific) is therefore entirely justified as the basis of the SatBałtyk system for the effective operational monitoring of the state and functioning of Baltic ecosystems. This article also outlines the plans for extending SatBałtyk to include the recording of the effects and hazards caused by current and expected storm events in the Polish coastal zone.
The aim of the study was to describe a new method used for diagnosing uterine disorders and to present preliminary results regarding the incidence of this kind of endometritis in dairy cows. For its diagnosis, samples must be taken from the lumen of the uterine horns. This requires a special tool which consists of a catheter open at both ends/on both sides, a mandrel and a brush for the collection of samples. After sampling the brush is rolled on cytological glass, and the smear is stained using one of the classic methods. Following this procedure, a number of polimorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL), other white cells and epithelial cells are counted. In order to diagnose the disorder, the percentage of PMNL is considered. In our trials, conducted in two experimental herds, subclinical endometritis was diagnosed in 69.7% of cows in one herd and in 38.3% of cows in the other herd during the fourth week post partum. Two weeks later, the incidence of this disease dropped to 43.3% and 17%, respectively. Only in 12.1% and 8.7% of cows after parturition the number of PMNL grew with the passage of time. More research is needed to evaluate the influence of cytological endometritis on reproductive performance and to examine the pathological and physiological nature of this disorder.
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