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Since January 2006, and in accordance with EU legislative procedures, the use of antibiotics as growth promotors in feedingstuff has been prohibited. Withdrawal of antibiotic growth promoters in an animal feeding has resulted in a search for new alternatives such as: prebiotics. At present prebiotics are used mostly for preventing and controlling the negative consequences appearing in the aftermath of the prohibition of antimicrobial applications as animal feed additives. The article presents the effect of prebiotics (mannan-oligosacharides, fructo-oligosaccharides, galacto-oligosaccharides) on humoral and cellular mechanisms of specific and non-specific immunity in livestock.
W pracy dokonano oceny właściwości prebiotycznych preparatu suszonych, pofermentacyjnych drożdży piwowarskich Saccharomyces cerevisiae o nazwie handlowej Inter Yeast Vital, które podawano zdrowym, rosnącym szczurom. Wykazano, że badany preparat drożdży poprawiał skład naturalnej mikroflory jelitowej u szczurów. Wpłynął na obniżenie ogólnej liczby drobnoustrojów, w tym tlenowych i beztlenowych oraz przyczynił się do wzrostu liczeności korzystnych bakterii kwasu mlekowego Lactobacillus i Bifidobacterium.
The effectivity of probiotics containing lactic acid that produce bacteria for the prevention of diarrhea in pigs during the post-weaning period was evaluated. The results of different authors were contradictory from no effectivity to significant effectivity. However they were never as satisfactory as in the case of antimicrobial growth promoters. The addition of probiotic bacterial cultures to prebiotics, such as fructooligosacharides, mannanooligosacharides and galactooligosacharides, improved the effectivity of probiotics to some extent. As a possible replacement of antimicrobial growth promoters competitive exclusion was also assessed through the use of non pathogenic bacteria with fimbriae blocking receptors of the enterocytes of the intestinal epithelial layer. Besides such bacterial cultures, isolated lectins of the same structure as fimbrial lectins and with the same affinity to the receptors of enterocytes were also evaluated. According to the cited publications positive effects could be encountered. But likewise in this case they were not as satisfactory as in case of the antimicrobial growth promoters. Summarizing the review of the literature, it could be concluded that if the described procedures were used in combination with a high level of farm management, optimal nutrition, welfare, biosecurity and veterinary care, the results obtained could compensate for the losses which were observed in the postweaning period in swine production after the ban of antimicrobial growth promoters. If this were not the case, feeds which contain antibiotics or therapeutic antibiotics should be used, interfering to an essential degree with the principle of ecological swine production without antimicrobial growth promoters as feed additives.
The aim of the study was to estimate the effect of tylosin and prebiotics (β-glucans and mannanooligosaccharides) added to feed on the phagocitc activity of polimorfonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) in calves. The study was performed on 36 clinically healthy, Black and White Lowland calves, aged 6-8 weeks. The animals were randomly divided into three equal groups. Calves in group I were fed a feedingstuff supplemented with tylosin. Group II received prebiotics, and group III (control) was fed the same feedingstuff without additives. The following phagocytic parameters were determined in the peripheral blood of the calves: phagocytic index (IF), the percentages of phagocytic (%kf) and NBT-positive cells, and the spontaneous migration of neutrophils (MG). The results showed that both prebiotics and tylosin caused a significant increase in the phagocytic activity of PMNL in the experimental groups. This was expressed by the higher values of the examined phagocytic parameters compared with the controls.
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