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The influence of sulphur on phosphorus and potassium content in potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.)

100%

Klikocka H., Kobialka A., Juszczak D., Glowacka A.

Journal of Elementology

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2015

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tom 20

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nr 3

The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of sulphur application on the content (g kg-1) and uptake (kg ha-1) of phosphorus and potassium with the yield of potato tubers. In 2004-2006, a field experiment on potato was conducted, in which S was applied in different forms (elemental and K2SO4) and doses (0, 25 and 50 kg ha-1). The content and uptake of P and K in the dry mass of potato tubers was significantly increased by sulphur. The application of sulphur increased the P content and uptake irrespective of the S dose, but elemental S proved more effective. The K content was the highest when sulphate was applied at 50 kg S ha-1. The K uptake by tubers was significantly increased by both of the applied doses versus the control plots. The tuber yield depended substantially on the rate of S fertilizer. Sulphur applied as sulphate increased the content of SO4-S in the soil. The application of elemental S in a dose of 50 kg ha-1 decreased the soil pH. The soil content of total C was dependent on each dose and form of the applied sulphur. The content of SO4-S and total C in the soil positively correlated with the P content and uptake by potato tubers. A negative correlation was found between the pH value and content and uptake of P by potato tubers. No correlation was found between K and soil parameters, but a positive correlation was found between the P and K uptake by tubers and between the P and K uptake versus tuber yield.

2

Distribution of potassium in granulometric soil fractions

86%

Brogowski Z., Uziak S., Komornicki T.

Polish Journal of Soil Science

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2009

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tom 42

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nr 1

53-68

The content of the total potassium in particular granulometric fractions increases from a sand fraction (1-0.1 mm) to fine silty clay (0.002-0.005 mm), while in the clay fraction it usually decreases. The most diverse fractions in terms of potassium content are those extracted from mountain soils developed from old Cretaceous and Tertiary forms. Granulometric fractions extracted from soils developed from loessial sediments are homogenous with regard to the total potassium content. In those sediments there is a close parallelism between the amount of a given fraction in the soil and the amount of potassium contained in the fraction. This relation laid behind this attempt to calculate the coefficients for the total potassium content in soils on the basis of the granulometric analysis.

3

Activity of cesium 137Cs and potassium content in new potatoes imported to Poland

86%

Wadas W., Krolak E., Karwowska J.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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2017

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tom 68

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nr 3

Background. Potatoes are an important component of the human diet. In addition to components which determine the nutrition and dietary values, potato tubers also contain anti-nutritional substances, inter alia radioactive elements. Natural and artifical radionuclides are released to the environment as a result of antropogenic activity, in a controlled or uncontrolled manner, and they are transferred to the human body through the food chain. Objective. The aim of the study was to determine the activity of radioactive cesium 137Cs isotope and potassium content, including the activity of 40K isotope, in new potatoes imported to Poland during the winter period from Mediterranean countries. Material and methods. The study material included new potatoes imported from Cyprus, Egypt and Israel, purchased in the city of Siedlce from the beginning of February to the end of March 2015. The activity of 137Cs and 40K isotopes in potato tubers was determined. Analyses were performed by γ-spectrometric method. Laboratory tests were performed on a total of 18 samples. Based on the activity of 40K isotope, the total potassium content of potato tubers was calculated, with the assumption that 31.00 Bq 40K is equivalent to 1 g potassium. Results. The activity of 137Cs in most tested potato samples was below 0.2 Bq kg-1 (limit of quantification), and in other samles it was from 0.3 Bq kg-1 to 5.4 Bq kg-1. Potatoes of the same variety, originating from the same country, differed in terms of the activity of 137Cs. The highest activity of 137C, determined in potatoes imported from Cyprus, was seven times higher than the lowest value. The activity of 40K changed from 93.3 Bq kg-1 to 259.1 Bq kg-1. The average activity of 40K in potatoes imported from Cyprus, Egypt and Israel was at a similar level. The ratio of the activity of 137Cs determined in the tested potatoes to the activity of 40K changed from 0.00242 to 0.04163. The calculated potassium content in imported new potatoes was on average 4.376 g K kg-1 of the fresh weight of tubers and ranged from 3.010 g K kg-1 to 8.358 g K kg-1. Conclusions. The activity of the 137Cs cesium isotope in imported new potatoes in most tested samples was at a very low level (below the limit of quantification) and in other samples it did not exceed 5.5 Bq kg-1 and posed no threat to human lives. Potatoes originating from the same country differed in terms of the activity of 137Cs. The average activity of 40K in potatoes imported from Cyprus, Egypt and Israel was at a similar level and did not differ from the activity of 40K in domestically produced potatoes. The potassium content in imported new potatoes was determined by the variety.

4

Content of sodium and potassium in tissues and organs of free-ranging European bisons

86%

Kosla T., Skibniewski M., Skibniewska E.

Journal of Elementology

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2015

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tom 20

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nr 2

The study aimed at assessing the sodium and potassium content in chosen tissues and organs of free-ranging European bisons in Białowieża Primeval Forest depending on the gender and age of animals. In order to determine the content of elements in parenchymal tissues, ribs and hair, the ICP-OES method was used. In the hooves, sodium and potassium were determined with the help of ICP-MS. The sodium content in organs and skin appendages varied from 0.30 in hair to 4.77 mg g-1 in ribs. In the analysis of the age effect, some significant differences were observed between the investigated groups in the sodium content of the hoof wall, namely, a higher mean value was noted in young individuals. The potassium content in the examined samples was within the range of 0.96 in the hoof wall to 3.63 mg g-1 in kidneys. Significant age dependent differences were noted only in the ribs. Sodium and potassium concentrations in the hoof wall were correlated in a highly significant way. Similar dependences also appeared between the content of sodium and potassium in kidneys and liver and kidneys and muscles. On the basis of the results it can be concluded that the status of sodium and potassium supply in the European bison from Białowieża Forest is adequate.

5

Content of potassium and magnesium in organic soils and meadow vegetation of Szczecin Pomerania

86%

Niedzwiecki E., Protasowicki M., Meller E., Malinowski R., Sammel A.

Journal of Elementology

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2009

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tom 14

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nr 2

331-340

The studies included the major organic meadow soils of Szczecin Pomerania, left fallow or sporadically used extensively. The following determinations were made: the content of plant available magnesium and potassium (using HCl at the concentration of 0.5 mol⋅dm- 3), their total forms (soluble in the mixture of concentrated acids HNO3 + HCIO4) as well as the content of potassium and magnesium in the meadow-pasture sward from the area under study. The results are presented in Table 1. The investigated peat-muck, gyttiamuck, mineral-muck and muckous soils, in the surface layer 0-30 cm deep (which was primarily the muck layer) mostly contained the amounts of potassium and magnesium typical of organic soils when soluble in the mixture of concentrated acids HNO3+HCIO4 but low and frequently very low amounts of potassium soluble in 0.5 mol⋅dm-3 HCl from (0.04 to 0.51g⋅kg-1). The content of this form of potassium depended on the degree of peat siltation. Low resources of available potassium were caused by the deficiency of this element in the meadow pasture sward since only in the sward of the Gryfinski Polder in Miedzyodrze and the sward from gyttia-muck soils near Miedwie Lake the optimum amounts were detected (above 15.0 g⋅kg-1 dry matter). In comparison with these results, the content of magnesium, soluble in 0.5 mol⋅dm-3 HCl in these soils was more favourable to plants (generally above 0.40 g⋅kg-1), which is considered high according to the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation (IUNG 1990). In meadow sward, magnesium content mostly exceeded 2.0 g⋅kg -1 dry matter so either approached or reached the optimum value for fodder. Despite this, the calculated K:Mg ionic ratios confirm an unfavourable fodder value.

6

Effect of soil contamination by cadmium on potassium uptake by plants

86%

Ciecko Z., Kalembasa S., Wyszkowski M., Rolka E.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2004

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tom 13

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nr 3

The aim of the experiment was to determine the effect of cadmium (10, 20, 30 and 40 mg Cd · kg-1 soil) on the potassium uptake by oats, maize, yellow lupine and radish. The effect of organic matter on cadmium immobilization was investigated in several treatments of the experiment using non-supplemented soil and soil supplemented with compost soil, brown coal, lime or bentonite. The correlations between the potassium content and the cadmium contamination of the soil, plant yield and the content of macro- and microelements in the plants were determined. The species and organ of the plants determined the uptake of potassium and influenced the effect of cadmium on the uptake of potassium by plants. Artificial soil contamination by cadmium reduced the content of potassium in oat grains and in the above-ground parts and roots of yellow lupine and radish. A reverse effect - an increase in the concentration of potassium, was found for oat straw and roots and maize roots. The application of compost soil, brown coal, lime and bentonite reduced the potassium concentration in the particular organs of the experimental crops. The concentration of potassium was positively correlated with plant yield and the content of macroelements and some microelements in them.

7

Influence of liming and mineral fertilization on the content of available forms of magnesium and potassium in soil

72%

Bednarek W., Reszka R.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio E. Agricultura

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2008

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tom 63

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nr 3

8

Studies of the electrolyte balance in Polish feed mixtures for poultry

72%

Korol W., Bielecka G., Rubaj J., Matyka S.

Polish Journal of Natural Sciences. Supplement

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2006

|

tom 03

93-99

9

Macroelement content in potato tubers as affected by manuring with undersown catch crop, and production system

72%

Plaza A., Makarewicz A., Gasiorowska B., Cybulska A., Gorski R., Rzazewska E.

Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series Agronomy

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2017

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tom 20

|

nr 4

10

Ionic balance in some phases of winter barley seed growth under different fertilization rates

72%

Barczak B., Nowak K., Kozera W., Majcherczak E.

Journal of Elementology

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2005

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tom 10

|

nr 4 Suppl.1

15

11

Potassium content in maize and soil fertilized with organic materials

72%

Gondek K., Kopec M.

Journal of Elementology

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2008

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tom 13

|

nr 4

501-512

Since potassium is essential for plant nutrition, should this element be deficient in sewage sludge used for plant fertilization supplementary mineral potassium fertilization is necessary. The aim of the present study has been to evaluate the effect of fertilization with organic materials on maize yield, its potassium concentrations and the content of bioavailable forms of potassium in soil of different grain size distribution. The impact of fertilization on potassium concentrations in maize was examined in a 3-year, two-factor pot experiment (the factors were soil and fertilization). The grain size distribution of the test soil material was weakly loamy sand (psg), sandy silt loam (gpp) and medium silt loam (goep). Sewage sludge originated from two different municipal mechanical and biological sewage treatment plants. Mixtures of sewage sludge with peat were prepared at a gravimetric ratio 1:1 converted to material dry matter. For chemical analyses the plant material was mineralized in a muffle furnace (at 450oC for 5 hrs) and the remains were dissolved in diluted nitric acid. Bioavailable potassium was determined with Egner-Riehm method in the soil material, which was dried and sifted through a 1mm mesh sieve. Potassium was determined by flame photometry in solutions of the plant material and soil extracts. Fertilization with sewage sludge and mixtures with peat had a more positive effect on maize yield than fertilization with mineral salts. In comparison with organic materials supplied to the soil, mineral salt treatment significantly increased potassium content in maize biomass. Mineral supplementation of potassium introduced with organic materials and its balancing did not increase soil abundance in bioavailable potassium in comparison with the initial abundance, although a diversified soil response to the applied fertilization was observed.

12

Effect of sulphur fertilisation on seed yield and yield components of broad bean on the background of different levels of potassium content in soil

72%

Barlog P., Niewiadomska A., Ambrozy-Deregowska K.

Fragmenta Agronomica

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2014

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tom 31

|

nr 2

13

Magnesium, calcium, potassium and sodium content in groundwater and surface water in arable lands in the commune [gmina] of Katy Wroclawskie

72%

Orzepkowski W., Pulikowski K.

Journal of Elementology

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2008

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tom 13

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nr 4

605-614

This paper discusses some aspects of the research conducted in the hydrological years 2000/2001-2002/2003 on arable areas around several small water bodies located on the outskirts of villages in the commune of Kąty Wrocławskie. The aim of the paper was to assess the content of selected chemical elements in the groundwater and small water bodies. The water bodies included in the research appeared a few decades ago as a result of human activity; in Zybiszów and Bliż they are small post-mine water bodies, whereas in Smolec and Rybnica they are ponds filling former clay excavation sites. Their surface ranges widely between 0.05 and 2.2 ha, while the average depth reaches 1.2 to 3.5 m. Since no flows come to these water bodies, they are fed only by ground and rain water. In the research period the water level of the bodies fluctuated between 3 and 40 cm, while the maximum changes in the groundwater level were above 1 m. The examined waters contained elevated levels of elements, the fact which is directly related to the kind of soils in the region. Another factor affecting the content of elements is whether or not soils are used agriculturally. It has been observed that arable areas are distinguished by positive correlation of magnesium, potassium and sodium concentrations in ground and surface waters. Increased content of these elements in Rybnica suggests that the waters receive pollutants from nearby houses. In the groundwater examined the ratio of calcium and magnesium concentrations ranged from 2.7 to 6.9, whereas in the surface water it varied from 1.2 to 5.1. Values below 3 were obtained for both types of water only in Rybnica, which proves the influx of sewage from households.

14

Zasobnosc gleb w potas w woj.podkarpackim

72%

Pecek J.

Biuletyn Informacyjno-Handlowy. Ośrodek Doradztwa Rolniczego Boguchwała

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2003

|

nr 06

16

15

Comparison dynamics of N, P, K contents in different anthurium cultivars (Anthurium cultorum Birdsey) grown in expanded clay

72%

Kleiber T., Komosa A.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus

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2008

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tom 07

|

nr 4

Vegetation experiments were conducted in the years 2002–2004, in two specialist horticultural farms. The dynamics of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents were analyzed in the index parts of selected anthurium cultivars (Anthurium cultorum Birdsey): ‘Baron’, ‘Choco’, ‘Midori’, ‘Pistache’, ‘President’ and ‘Tropical’. Plants were grown in expanded clay using drip fertigation with standard nutrient solution. Fully expanded leaves after fresh-cut flowers as the index parts for chemical analyses were collected every 2 months over the period of 3 years. A varied dynamic of nutrient contents was found in the index parts of plants. During the 3 years of studies a downward trend was recorded for nitrogen content, while an upward trend was observed for contents of phosphorus and potassium. A cultivar differentiation was shown for contents of the above mentioned nutrients and quantitative proportions between them.

16

Impact of soil contamination with fluorine on the content of potassium in the biomass of crops

72%

Szostek R., Ciecko Z.

Acta Agrophysica

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2015

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tom 22

|

nr 1

The paper presents results of a study on the influence of fluorine-contaminated soil, supplemented with lime, charcoal and loam, on the content of potassium in eight species of crops. The experiments consisted of eight greenhouse pot trials in 2009-2011. The following factors were tested: I – increasing doses of fluorine in the form of potassium fluoride; II –substances neutralising the soil contamination with fluorine. The content of potassium in plants varied, depending on the degree of soil contamination with fluorine, the application of substances inactivating this xenobiothic element, and on the plant species and organs. The highest mean potassium concentration was detected in the aerial bio-mass of phacelia (46.4 g K kg-1 d.m.) and winter oilseed rape (45.9 g K kg-1 d.m.), while the lowest one was assayed in the grain and straw of spring triticale (5.3 and 7.9 g K kg-1 d.m.). The increasing degree of soil contamination with fluorine contributed to an increase in the average content of potassium in maize, narrow-leaf lupine, winter oilseed rape, black radish, the aerial biomass of yellow lupine and the aerial biomass of the first cut of alfalfa, compared to the control. In general, the neutralising substances applied caused a decrease in the content of potassium in the analysed plant parts.

17

Content of potassium in different forms in the soils of Southeast Poland

72%

Fotyma M.

Polish Journal of Soil Science

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2007

|

tom 40

|

nr 1

This paper discusses the results of soil surveys of the content of different forms of potassium (K) carried out in 2003/2004 in Southeast Poland. A total of 700 soil samples, representing all soil textural groups, were collected from the plough layer and the subsoil, with the content of ‘total’, reserve, exchangeable, ‘available’ and water soluble potassium being determined. The content of all forms of non-water soluble potassium depends on soil texture, soil pH and the soil layer. The average shares of reserve, exchangeable and water soluble potassium in the ‘total’ potassium were 35.8, 11.8 and 2.76 % respectively, increasing from light to heavy soils and being higher in the plough layer than in the subsoil. The content of ‘available’ potassium determined in Poland using the Egner-Riehm DL method closely correlates with the content of exchangeable potassium.

18

Content of calcium, phosphorus, sodium and potassium in the grain of barley, triticale and rye and in the seeds of yellow and blue lupine

58%

Lubowicki R., Kotlarz A., Jaskowska I.

Polish Journal of Natural Sciences. Supplement

|

2006

|

tom 03

123-128

19

Zawartosc potasu w zebach szczurow w doswiadczalnej osteoporozie posteroidowej

58%

Rahnama M., Bloniarz J., Zareba S.

Bromatologia i Chemia Toksykologiczna

|

2001

|

tom 34

|

nr 1

17-21

W osteoporozie polekowej wywołanej podawaniem hydrokortyzonu po 4 i 8 tyg. trwania doświadczenia w zębach siecznych szczurów oznaczono zawartość potasu. Potas oznaczano również w zębach zwierząt, którym podczas sterydoterapii podawano inne leki. Zawartość potasu oznaczano metodą absorpcyjnej spektrometrii atomowej.

20

Variability in the concentrations of Ca, Mg, Sr, Na, and K in the opercula of perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) in relation to the salinity of waters of the Oder Estuary (Poland)

58%

Torz A., Nedzarek A.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2013

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tom 42

|

nr 1

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