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Increasing doses of K were applied to 3 fields for eight years (1975-1983) conducted to obtain four potassium levels in soil (very poor, poor, medium rich and rich). Four doses of K (0, 70, 140, 280 kg K/ha) were applied on each of K soil level in 1983-1988, and after-wards. Residual effects of K were studied. Since 1975 3 corps (barley s., coksfoot, potatoes) on 3 fields crop rotation were grown every year. The influence of the above treatments on K exchange and K fixed in soil, yields, uptake of K by plants and K balance were studied. The similar K level in soil has been observed for many years, if negative K balance has not exceeded 50 kg K/ha/year. The increase of K exchanged is observed when potassium fertilization was provided for six years with the dose of 140 or higher kg K per hectare. After three year period without any potassium fertilization, yields of plants, K content in plant and soil on plots previously fertilized with high K dose, were still higher.
This work contains the results of 4 pot experiments concerning the effect of mineral fertilization with limitation of the potassium dose on yielding of reygrass and on changes of different potassium forms in soils. The experiments were conducted on four mountain meadow soils with very differentiated mechanical composition (35-68% fine particles), cation exchange capacity (9-30 m M(+)/100g of soil) and pH 4,1-6,6. The soils used in the experiments also were differented in the content of available phosphorus (2,1-27,2 mg P₂O₅/lOO mg of soil) and potassium (9,7-49,6 mg K₂O/100 g of soil). The changes of active potassium were examined: in the water extract and in the extract of 0,01 M CaCl₂, mobile potassium was determined according to Egner-Riehm method and examined in the extract of 1 M ammonium acetate, reserve potassium was determined in 1M HNO₃ and examined in hot conditions in series fertilized with potassium and with omitting of this element in the fertilizing dose. Calculated correlation coefficients between yield, uptaking of potassium by meadow plants and examined potassium forms in the soil showed that under circumstances of growing depletion of potassium from the soil, the biggest correlation was obtained for the reserve forms.
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