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The aim of this paper is to identify critical factors that affect the expected profit and cash flow in the implementation of investment projects, also achieve the objectives of investment by applying the most advanced models used to quantify the risks of investing. In the study there has been performed the sensitivity analysis of investment and the Monte Carlo simulation, an evaluation of the results of analyzes and syntheses that have been used to support the investment decisionmaking of the enterprise has been carried out.
This analysis touches upon an evaluation and estimation of the potential of communes in Małopolska voivodeship in terms of energetic use of plant biomass. The research results showed that if biomass, in the form of straw and hay not used in agriculture and willow (salix) cultivated on lands out of agricultural production, was marked for energetic aims, the generation of about 8.3 PJ of energy would be possible. It was also pinpointed that within the group of communes with the highest potential of hay and willow for energetic use (25% of communes), environmental (the quality of production space) and economic factors (the area structure, and configuration, etc.) will hinder the development of the biomass market. The same conditions which contributed to the regress of agriculture are seen as an obstacle to effective and profitable biomass production. The only real opportunity for development of the biomass market is seen in straw, which can be acquired in communes with the best natural and economic conditions.
In the present paper, an attempt was made to apply phothoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) i.e., the particular version of photothermal spectroscopy where a quantity of energy deactivated into heat is evaluated, to quantify photophysical processes in a soil sample. As light sources three diodes emitting at blue, green and red bands of visible light spectrum were used. The obtained dependences of photoacoustic signal amplitude versus light modulation frequency did not follow predictions of Rosencwaig-Gersho classic theory since an additional heat exchange mechanism characteristic of powdered solid samples was likely to occur. In visible light spectrum band, two independent transition processes, achievable to our apparatus, were distinguished. The principal parameters: the relative photoacoustic signal amplitude and characteristic times (1.28 and 0.64 ms) of each revealed process were obtained.
In the initial stages of the long-term swimmers’ training, the age-related functional capability of athletes should be taken into account. The improvement of young swimmer’ skills should be done in terms of an integrated approach to the promotion of physical fitness. The article presents the results of the study of aerobic and anaerobic capacity of 11–12-year-old swimmers under the condition of maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), the maximum amount of external mechanical work for 10s (VanT10), 30s (VanT30), 60s (MKMMD). For the scientific substantiation of the expediency of implementing the method of interval hypoxic training and elements of aquafitness in the training process of 11–12 year-old swimmers, it is necessary to investigate the indexes of functional preparedness of 11–12 year-old swimmers, depending on their gender. It has been found out that the level of aerobic productivity of the boys’ bodies equals “good”, and the girls’ – “excellent” according to Y.P. Pyarnat. Elements of aquafitness and interval hypoxic training are recommended to be applied to improving aerobic and anaerobic capacity of swimmers at the stage of initial basic training.
The issue of investment decision making has been described extensively in the literature. The article uses classical evaluation methods to assess two investment options for the treatment of brewers' grains as waste (resp. byproducts). As indicated by the results of the analysis, the considered production of brewers' grains for energy is more economically preferable than selling it.
Traditional understanding of the borders did not lead towards the possibilities of the cross- border regions development where (at both sides of the region) can be stated the similar development. The article identifies the importance of the cross-border cooperation for the economy development of the Tatras Euroregion and the reader can also find here the visitors' opinions. Cooperation in Tatras Euroregion is active for several years. In the frame of the cooperation several projects that had their promotional, ecological and economy importance and meaning had been run. The euroregion considers the projects dealing with the permanent sustainable development to be of the biggest importance.
The strains belonging to Burkholderia cepacia complex are important opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised patients and cause serious diseases. It is possible to obtain isolates from soil, water, plants and human samples. Taxonomy of this group is difficult. Burkholderia cepacia complex consists of seventeen genomic species and the genetic scheme is based on recA gene. Commonly, first five genomovars occurre in humans, mostly genomovars II and III, subdivision IIIA. Within this study we tested identification of first five genomovars by PCR with following melting analysis and RFLP. The experiments were targeted on eubacterial 16S rDNA and specific gene recA, which allowed identification of all five genomovars. RecA gene appeared as more suitable than 16S rDNA, which enabled direct identification of only genomovars II and V; genomovars I, III and IV were similar within 16S rDNA sequence.
Data from the Central Statistical Office and from the literature of the subject have been used to present the hazards for the natural environment, created by nitrogen and phosphorus compounds. The issue concerns inland waters and the Baltic Sea. The existing hazards are controlled by rational fertilisation, the appropriate structure of cultivation and biochemical barriers. Following Poland’s accession to the European Union, an effective instrument has been obtained in the form of an agrienvironmental programme, especially the packages: „water and soil protection” and „establishing buffer zones”, which can result in reducing the infiltration of biogenes to the environment. The data from the Agency of Agriculture Restructuring and Modernisation and the research conducted by the authors in the Warmia and Mazury and the West Pomerania Provinces have confirmed the large interest of farmers in the „water and soil protection” package. The clearly observed lack of interest in the „buffer zones” package necessitates corrections, mainly by increasing financial subsidies for farmers.
During the first decade of 21st century, Polish food industry has developed very dynamically. Owing to this fact, its importance within the European Community has increased. Poland has become the sixth producer of food, with the participation of 7.4% of the EU market. However, together with the development, proceeding integration and globalization, the new opportunities but also threats have appeared. In the paper, the strengths and weaknesses of food industry which may be suitable in creating a strategy for its development have been indicated.
Agrotourism and organic farming have special functions in conservation areas, where both contribute to their ecologisation and multifunctional development. The aim of the study was to asses the possibility for agrotourism development in communes located in the areas of West Pomeranian Province landscape parks. Basing on the characteristics of six diagnostic features valorising agricultural space for the needs of agrotourism development, high diversity of area under water, share of farms with 5-15 ha of agricultural land, share of permanent grasslands in the total area of the agricultural land, population density, and afforestation of the communes situated in the areas of landscape parks were stated. Ward’s hierarchical clustering method used for grouping similar communes showed three clusters with different possibilities for the development of agrotourism. The most favourable conditions for agrotourism were found in communes: Cedynia, Złocieniec, Ostromice, and Węgorzyno; favourable in: Stare Czarnowo, Czaplinek, Ińsko, Widuchowa, Moryń, Trzcińsko-Zdrój, Barwice, and Dobrzany; and moderately favourable in: Połczyn-Zdrój, Borne Sulinowo, Mieszkowice, Chojna, and Chociwel.
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