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Population parameters of Sitophilus granarius (L.) were measured under various conditions of temperaturę and relative humidity. The range of five examined temperatures (15 to 35°C) had a remarkably stronger effect on all examined parameters than applied range of two relative humidities (75%; 85 or 95% ). The highest intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) and the highest finite rate of increase (lambda) were recorded when temperatures of 25 and 30°C were used. The generation time (T) ranged from approximately 10 weeks at 30°C and 75 or 85% RH to approximately 22 weeks when 15°C was used. At 35°C there were no survivors of any immature stages of S. granarius regardless of relative humidity, so population parameters could not be counted. A brief narrative is presented on the potential of these environmental variables for control applications.
It was observed during field investigations that Phleum phleoides show expansive character at some stations. Three populations were selected from 31 stations of the species known from the central-eastern Poland. At each of these stations 10 tufts were chosen randomly in two repetitions: the first in typical grassland, the second in grassland with visible disturbed upper layer of soil (in Bohukały, Mołożew, Popowo Koœcielne). The following parameters were measured: quantity of inflorescences in one tuft, length of each inflorescence shoot and length of each inflorescence ear in investigated tuft. Average values for each tuft and investigated stations were calculated. Obtained results were compared with parameters of typical grasslands in Gnojno and Kisielany and three populations from xerothermic grasslands in southern Poland.
The sedge Carex pilosa Scop. was studied in beech forest sites situated on 470 m a.s.l. (Kremnické Vrchy Mts), 1290 m a.s.l. (Poľana Mts), 1275 m a.s.l. (Vtáčnik Mts) and 1170 m a.s.l. (Veľká Fatra Mts) in the Western Carpathians (Central Slovakia). The degree of leaf necrotisation was considerably lower in site Kremnické Vrchy Mts. The shortest mean length of shoots was observed in the Poľana Mts (27.3 cm) and the Kremnické Vrchy Mts (36.6 cm), i.e. in forest sites with lack of light in herb layer, the longest in the Veľká Fatra Mts (43.1 cm) and the Vtáčnik Mts (48.8 cm) with looser canopy of forest stands. The mean density of shoots (222> 211> 181> 26 per 1m²), aboveground weight of a one shoot (0.386> 0.345> 0.303> 0.166 g), phytomass (85.7> 72.8> 54.8> 6.2 g m⁻²) and energy storage (1669.4> 1326.5> 1052.8> 119.1 kJm⁻²) of Carex pilosa populations decreased in the following order according the sites: Vtáčnik Mts> Kremnické Vrchy Mts> Veľká Fatra Mts> Poľana Mts. Different sequence was in case of the mean energy content: Vtáčnik Mts> Poľana Mts> Veľká Fatra Mts> Kremnické Vrchy Mts. Significant differences in mean shoot length were found between Carex pilosa population growing in lowest site (Kremnické Vrchy Mts) and populations growing in highest sites (Vtáčnik Mts, Veľká Fatra Mts) with different climatic conditions. The energy content was distinctively higher in the case of the highest situated plots (19.21–19.48 kJ g⁻¹) in comparison with the lowest situated site at the Kremnické Vrchy Mts (18.22 kJ g⁻¹). The insignificant differences were found only between the Poľana Mts and Veľká Fatra Mts plots. Differences in the mean shoot weight were insignificant.
The coypu or nutriaMyocastor coypus Molina, 1782 is a semiaquatic rodent intensively harvested for fur in its native region. We studied population parameters at four sites differing in hunting pressure and characterised hunting activity in north-eastern Buenos Aires province, Argentina. Our interviews with hunters, local inhabitants and wildlife managers revealed that hunting is a cultural tradition in the countryside with the coypu being used as meat and, fur and the young occasionally used as pets. Quarterly live trapping captured a high proportion of all coypus present at each site. In sites with higher hunting pressure, low density of coypus was associated with high population losses and immigration. I n these sites the proportion of juveniles and pregnant females was similar to that obtained at sites with no hunting pressure. No foraging deficiencies were evident from diet quality analysis. Our results suggest that harvesting determines the dynamics of coypu populations in, this region where hunting pressure can be assessed by accessibility of hunting sites, their distance to urban or rural settlements, effective control of hunting, and human population density of the area.
Background. Rabbitfishes, Siganus rivulatus and S. luridus, are among the most successful invaders in the Mediterranean Sea but population parameters in their new environment are barely known. Fecundity and condition are key parameters of fish populations and their assessment is very important for exotic species; this information is needed to properly evaluate their reproductive and invasive potential. The current is study contributes to fill this gap by exploring fecundity and condition of those two fish species. Materials and Methods. About 1000 individuals of Siganus rivulatus and S. luridus were processed from off the Lebanese coasts over a 20-month period. Fecundity and condition index were estimated and compared. Regression analyses tested the dependence of fecundity on fish length, mass, and gonad mass. Results. Fecundity values were assessed for S. rivulatus and for S. luridus: Fabs = 272 043 ± 144 666 (SD), Frel = 2123 ± 808 oocytes · g-1 for S. rivulatus and Fabs = 245 273 ± 164 211, Frel = 1584 ± 627 oocytes · g-1 for S. luridus. The relation between Fabs and gonad mass [g] was y = 14 339x + 59 297 for S. rivulatus and y = 9245x + 62 140 for S. luridus. Condition exhibited a clear seasonal trend for the two rabbitfishes. It increased in spring prior to the reproduction period and again in autumn before the decrease of seawater temperature, and remained low during the cold period. Its values were significantly higher for S. luridus than to S. rivulatus. Conclusion. S. rivulatus displayed a higher fecundity while S. luridus showed a better condition in the Eastern Mediterranean. Gonad mass was the best predictor of fecundity for both species while condition exhibited a clear seasonal trend in both rabbitfishes.
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