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This study investigated the influence of anthropogenic salinization on planktonic rotifer communities and traced changes in their diversity along a salinity gradient. The experiment was conducted in 14 ponds of varied anthropogenic origin located in Poland’s Silesian Upland. On the basis of the mean concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS) and principal component analysis (PCA), the water bodies were divided into 4 groups in respect to salinity: freshwater ponds, TDS < 500 mg·dm⁻³; subsaline ponds, TDS = 500-3,000 mg·dm⁻³; hyposaline ponds, TDS = 3,000-20,000 mg·dm⁻³; and mesosaline ponds, TDS = 20,000-50,000 mg·dm⁻³. An increase in salinity resulted in a decrease of rotifer species richness and diversity. Salinity also had a negative effect on mean rotifer density. The highest densities were recorded in freshwater and hyposaline ponds, whereas the lowest were in subsaline and mesosaline waters. Rotifer species richness differed significantly at 2 salinity thresholds: TDS = 500 mg·dm⁻³ and 20,000 mg·dm⁻³.
One of the most interesting though little-known water ecosystems of Łęczyńsko-Włodawskie Lakeland is its small water bodies – ponds and wetland reservoirs. Three ponds and three wetland reservoirs were studied in 2008 and then again in 2012 and 2013 to examine their rotifer assemblages. While watching the changes occurring in the plankton during periods of 4 and 5 years, we were trying to find out which of the reservoirs were inhabited by more sustainable rotifer assemblages and which ecological qualities were more closely related to such sustainability. The results of the studies revealed different, though insignificant, variability in the ecological properties of planktonic rotifer assemblages, particularly in the ponds, as well as they suggested some relationship between the sustainability of planktonic assemblages and their species diversity.
Individual marking is necessary for determining various elements of species ecology, but toe-clipping — a method frequently used in amphibian studies, is recently being questioned. Three water bodies (of 0.3 to 1.5 ha in size) used by common Bufo bufo for breeding, located within a large city (Warsaw, Central Poland), were chosen for the study. Captured toads had Passive Integrated Transponders (PIT) subcutaneously implanted under laboratory conditions. Marked toads were searched in consecutive breeding seasons. The recapture rate of males in particular ponds was up to 13% — much lower than in other studies carried out in non-urban habitats. 77% of re-trapped individuals were found in the next season after tagging. There were no differences in the frequency of re-trapped individuals in relation to the toe-clipping treatment, as some marked individuals had part of the toe (two phalanges) clipped for skelotochronological analyses. An individual from this group was observed to have regenerated the clipped toe after one year. We did not find any indication of better body condition among the re-trapped individuals when comparing them to the marked toads at the time they were first captured. The important advantage of PIT tagging is the fact that all individuals are marked in the same way and their handling is similar. This makes it possible to compare various demographic parameters (growth rate, survival etc.). In addition, the number of animals that can be permanently marked using PITs is several times higher than through the use of codes resulting from the clipping of fingers and toes.
The occurrence and abundance of Microcystis aeruginosa were monitored monthly in eutrophic pond water of Ilamiyakkinar temple pond from July 2014 to June 2015. Some environmental factors such as water temperature, pH, free carbon-dioxide (FCO2), total alkalinity, Dissolved oxygen (DO2), biological oxygen demand (BOD), nitrate (NO2-N) and phosphate are recorded and their relationship with the bloom formation by Microcystis aeruginosa were discussed. The initiation and persistence of Microcystis aeruginosa were founded to be triggered by relatively high water temperature (24 °C to 36.5 °C), pH (7.3 to 8.72) and NO2-N concentration.
This paper presents a study on the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and humic substances (HS) in the waters of two different small ponds located in agricultural environments. DOC and HS content is high in the water of pond R adjacent to cultivated fields (DOC 42.0 mg/1, HS 34.2 mg/1) and in pond H surrounded by a wide belt of meadow and settled by macrophytes (DOC 48.0 mg/1, HS 37.2 mg/1). The total amounts of cations and cations bounded with humic substances dissolved in water of these two ponds have been analyzed. These studies indicate that small field ponds are a good biogeochemical barrier controlling organic compound migration with water from arable fields into water reservoirs.
The importance of the Hyphomycetes Fungi Imperfecti stems from their crucial role in purifying both flowing and standing waters, which can balance the effects of eutrophication. The purpose of the present work was to analyze Hyphomycetes populations in the 11 fish ponds, each with different leaves and dead plant composition. The research was carried out in autumn 2001 and spring 2002. We investigated water samples from fish farms in Northeastern Poland. In breeding the fungi some water plants and bulrushes from the ponds were used. We discovered 79 species of Fungi Imperfecti. Eight of which appeared to be new to Northeastern Poland. In addition, pathogenic species: Alternatria sp. and Fusarium sp. were also found. The most optimum conditions for the Hyphomycetes representatives were found in the ponds overgrown by numerous water plants and bulrushes. It confirms that saprophytic Fungi Imperfecti play an active role in decomposition of dead plants, and purification of each pond’s water. Keywords: Hyphomycetes fungi, plants, ponds.
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