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The aim of the study was a quantitative and cytoarchitectonic examination of neurons of the ventral hippocampal CA1-CA4 fields in somatically mature female American mink (Neovison vison) (N = 6). Brains were removed and examined under a light microscope. The samples were stained by Nissl’s standard method, and histological samples were used for morphometric analysis. All ventral hippocampal CA1-CA4 fields were analyzed cytoarchitectonically and morphometrically with a calibrated image analysis system that consisted of a computer equipped with the Cell^D software Soft Imaging System (SIS) with an integrated digital camera Colorview IIIu (Soft Imaging System). Morphometric investigations of the pyramidal layer showed that the cells of the hippocampal CA1-CA4 fields in adult female American mink differ in size, shape, cell area, nucleus area and the nucleus-to-cell ratio (in%). The cells of the CA2 field were densely arranged, pyramidal and contained a small amount of cytoplasm; their size was differentiated. They were the largest in size (15.06 μm) and diameter (14.5 μm). The cells of the CA1 field had the smallest size (8.5 μm) and diameter (8.6 μm). In the CA3 field, small, densely packed neurons dominated, whereas neurons in the CA4 field formed a thin strand of loosely arranged cells. Given the increasing interest in hippocampal areas, it is necessary to continue studies of their morphology and morphometry in healthy animals and in those suffering from neurodegenerative diseases.
The aim of the study was a morphometric analysis of the ventral hippocampal neurons of the individual CA1-CA4 fields in domestic cattle (Bos taurus; N = 6). The hippocampus in cattle is formed by a sizable arched invagination of the medial wall of the lateral ventricle of the brain. The brains were removed and analyzed conventionally with a light microscope. The samples were stained by Nissl’s method. The morphometric analysis of the neurons of the hippocampal CA1-CA4 fields included the following parameters: the area of nervous cells and the area of the cell nucleus in μm²; the nucleus-to-cell ratio in %; the average diameter and perimeter of the nervous cell in μm. The morphometric investigations indicate that the cells of the pyramidal layer in the CA1-CA4 fields of the hippocampus in adult domestic cattle differ in terms of their size, shape, and surface area, as well as the surface area of the cell nucleus. The size of cells in CA1 was the largest, fluctuating around 22 μm, whereas in CA4 it amounted to about 19 μm. Cells in CA1 and CA2 had the largest diameter of about 24 µm, whereas cells in the CA4 field had the smallest diameter of about 20 µm. The results obtained suggest a novel approach to studying the morphometric properties of the hippocampus in domestic cattle. Morphometric studies of the central nervous system (CNS) are regarded as a valuable source of data on the function of environmental and pharmacological factors and their effects on several structures of the CNS.
W artykule dokonano analizy konstrukcyjnych możliwości zwiększenia technologicznej wydajności operacji maszynowego płatowania ryb karpiowatych. Przedstawiono również wyniki pomiarów morfometrycznych niektórych parametrów ciała ryby, przeprowadzonych dla potrzeb analizy. W oparciu o otrzymane wyniki pomiarów i analiz przedstawiono koncepcją czteronożowej płatownicy o zwiększonej wydajności.
The aim of the study was to conduct a morphometric assessment of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and the characteristics of the quality of the obtained meat. The experimental material consisted of 14 pieces of randomly selected catfish weighing about 1 kg and aged <1 year. Feeding the fish was carried out manually with granulated feed. The weight of the catfish, the total length, body length and side of the head, the height of the head, the smallest and the largest height and width of the body were determined before its killing. After pretreatment consisting of fish that were eviscerated, beheaded, filleted and had their fins removed, various parts of the body were weighed using an electronic balance. The material studied consisted of 14 chilled fillets (left), which was forwarded for laboratory analysis to determine the chemical composition, physicochemical properties and characteristics of the color parameters. On the basis of results it was demonstrated that the total length of the fish, body length, head height and width of the body of catfish aged <1 year was respectively 53.46, 46.82, 5.34 and 7.01 cm. There has been a high technological yield in the form of meat carcasses (69.95%) and filets without skin (42.69%). Samples of fillets were characterized by a fairly large proportion of protein (17.35%) and a relatively high fat content (5.32%), together with a low caloric value (491.20 kJ). Total collagen content was 0.94 mg/g, and the TBARS value was at the level of 0.28 mg MDA/kg of meat. In terms of the physicochemical properties catfish meat was characterized by normal acidity, high tenderness, low natural drip and thermal losses, as well as water-holding capacity at the level of 7.96 cm2. Highly significant differences have been found in color parameters of fillets such as: L*, a*, b* and hº and analyzed from the stomach and with the skin removed. It has been shown that darker (L* = 41.91) and more intensely red (a* = 15.52) fillets were from the external surface of this species of fish.
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