Wyniki wyszukiwania - AGRO

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Polychlorinated biphenyls in the sediments of the Odra River and its tributaries

100%

Rodziewicz M., Kaczmarczyk A., Niemirycz E.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2004

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tom 13

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nr 2

This paper presents the results of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) determination in sediments from different sites of the Odra River and its tributaries, collected in 1998-2002. It was found that concentrations of PCBs varied significantly. The results of individual congeners show that contents of PCBs 180 and 138 were the highest in the sediments investigated. For better identification of places most polluted by PCBs, PCB contents on TOC (total organic carbon) basis in surface sediments are presented.

2

Polychlorinated biphenyls in human milk, UHT cow's milk and infant formulas

100%

Pietrzak-Fiecko R., Smoczynska K., Smoczynski S. S.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2005

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tom 14

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nr 2

The content of polychlorinated biphenyls was determined in human milk collected from four regions of Poland, as well as in cow’s milk and infant formulas. Significant statistical differences in PCB levels were determined in human milk depending on the region. The highest PCB mean concentration (0.351 mg. kg⁻¹ milk fat) was determined in human milk from Gdańsk. An average of 0.218 mg PCB kg⁻¹ milk fat was determined in human milk, 6 and 17 times higher than cow’s milk and infant formulas, respectively. Higher (37%) content of PCB was found in the milk of women living in rural regions.

3

Determining PCBs in fish and sediment samples related to intercomparison studies

86%

Filipkowska A.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2013

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tom 22

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nr 5

This paper reports on the analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in selected intercomparison materials (IAEA-435 (tuna) and IAEA-159 (sediment)), and presents the author’s results against the background of results accepted by the organizer of the intercomparison studies, i.e. the Marine Environment Laboratories of the International Atomic Energy Agency in Monaco. The samples were extracted with a mixture of acetone/hexane (tuna) or acetonitrile (sediment) by sonication, cleaned up using micro-columns packed with different materials (e.g. silica gel, florisil, copper), and analyzed by GC-ECD. The difficulties of PCB determination are indicated and the differences between the analyses of low- and high-molecular-weight PCBs are emphasized.

4

In vitro effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on the contractility of bovine myometrium from the periovulatory stage of the estrous cycle

86%

Wrobel M., Kaminski K., Kotwica J.

Reproductive Biology

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2005

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tom 05

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nr 3

5

Polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs] in Poland: occurrence, determination and degradation

86%

Grabowska I.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2010

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tom 19

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nr 1

7-13

One of the main global ecological problems is contamination of the natural environment by persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Polichlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is a group of compounds that belongs to this family of pollutants. Poland, as a European Union member and signatory of international agreements concerning environmental protection, is obliged to regulate the law and intensify work on the control and utilization of biphenyl PCBs. Therefore, the occurence and determination of PCBs in the polish environment (rivers, lakes, sea water and sediments, living organisms and food chains), and the toxicity and degradation methods of these POP compounds is still important.

6

Farmed fish as a source of dioxins and PCBs for Polish consumers

86%

Mikolajczyk S., Warenik-Bany M., Maszewski S., Pajurek M.

Journal of Veterinary Research

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2020

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tom 64

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nr 3

7

Effect of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on basal and OT-stimulated calcium concentrations in myometrial cells in cows

86%

Wrobel M., Kotwica J.

Reproductive Biology

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2005

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tom 05

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nr 3

8

Concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls [PCB's] in fish from selected lakes of Varmia and Mazuria

86%

Zasadowski A., Terlecka A., Wyszynska A.

Ochrona Środowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych

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1999

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tom 18

9

Dynamics of the PCBs decline in selected organs of carp [Cyprinus carpio L.] during depuration in clean water

86%

Ciereszko W.

Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria

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2001

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tom 31

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nr 2

The aim of this study was to determine the dynamics of PCB content decline in three selected organs and tissues (gill filaments, muscle tissue, perintestinal adipose tissue, liver, and alimentary tract) of cultured carp, previously exposed to Clophen A50 via oral route, in the course of their 40-day stay in PCB-free environment. The samples were analysed using gas chromatography. The highest decrease in PCB concentration, related to wet weight was noted for the perintestinal adipose tissue and the alimentary tract. The lowest PCB decrease in lipids was recorded in the liver (l0.0 %) and the highest one-in the alimentary tract. In decrease related to the total weight of the organs and tissue studied was the highest for the gill filaments (61.6 %) while the values compared for perintestinal adipose tissues showed a 6.6 % increase.

10

Data on the manufacture, use, inventory and disposal of polychlorinated biophenyls [PCBs] in Poland

86%

Falandysz J., Szymczyk K.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2001

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tom 10

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nr 3

In Poland there were originally manufactured two technical PCB formulations of moderate (40%) and high (63.6%) chlorine content. A moderate chlorinated PCB mixture called Tarnol (or Chlorowany bifenyl) was synthesized in 1971-1976 and used as dielectric oil in home manufactured transformers, while the highly chlorinated mixture Chlorofen was used as a lubricant and hydraulic fluid mainly in mining equipment. There is no data available indicating when materials and products containing PCBs appeared for the first time in Poland. In Poland there were also originally manufactured two PCN formulations of low (monochloronaphthalene) and high (tri- to octachloronaphthalene) chlorine content. Due to historical reasons some materials and equipment containing PCB/PCT/PCN could reach the present country's territory before 1945, i.e. at the same time when they were available in neighbouring Germany. Some foreign technical PCB mixtures as well as materials, products and equipment containing PCBs were imported from abroad after 1945. After World War II PCN formulations were synthesized in Poland. There is not yet a whole countrybased register of materials, products and equipment containing PCBs, PCTs and/or PCNs. Nevertheless, some preliminary inventory work was done in the mid - 1990s and includes the public electric power supply sector. It has been assessed that roughly 35-50% of capacitors and 1 % of transformers still in use in Poland contain PCBs. An assessed total amount of PCB contaminated oil in stock or service is up to 17500 t, i.e. 3500-5000 t in capacitors, 3000 t in transformers, and 8000-9500 t in other electromagnetic equipment such as breaker switches, choking coils, measuring transformers, starters, voltage regulators or other machinery. The up-to-date facilities for safe disposal of PCB wastes are non-existant in Poland. Over the past two years a strategy for management of hazardous wastes has been developed and includes development of the facilities for thermal decomposition. According to schedule, environmentally safe PCB waste treatment facilities have to be installed before 2010.

11

Differences of chloroorganic pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls bioaccumulation in selected organisms from the Gulf of Gdansk

86%

Sapota G.

Oceanological Studies

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2002

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tom 31

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nr 1-2

12

Accumulation rate of polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs] in dandelion [Taraxacum officinale] in the conditions of soil contamination with oil derivatives

86%

Malawska M., Wilkomirski B.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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2001

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tom 52

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nr 4

The study concerned PCB accumulation in soil at two depths (S1: 0-20 cm, S2: 20- 40 cm) and in Taraxacum officinale plants. It was carried out within railway junctions and near railway lines. Various degrees of PCB contamination were detected in soil and parts of plants above the ground level. PCB content in most soil samples was between 100 and 250 ng/g, while in plants it varied from 100 to 800 ng/g. An analysis of the distribution of different groups of PCB congeners in plant and soil material has revealed that the content of hepta-CB and hexa-CB fractions was the highest of all PCBs for both soil depths, as well as for plants. No significant differences were found for the degree of various PCB congener group penetration into the soil, neither in railway junction areas, nor in the vicinity of railway tracks. Statistical test of pair comparison, performed in order to establish the rate at which plants accumulate different groups of PCB congeners has revealed significant differences in accumulation rates for the following pairs: penta-chlorinated congeners are accumulated at a higher rate than tetra-chlorinated ones and hexa-chlorinated congeners are accumulated at a higher rate than penta-chlorinated ones. This phenomenon occurs in the area of railway junctions (areas heavily polluted with oil derivatives). It was found that in the area of railway lines (areas with low levels of pollution) hexa-chlorinated congeners were accumulated at a higher rate than tetra- and penta-chlorinated ones. No significant differences were found for other pairs of PCB congeners. The use of dandelion as a bioindicator of environmental pollution with PCB congeners seems to be a good and reliable source of information about the emission of those substances into the natural environment.

13

Accumulation dynamics of PCBs in selected organs and tissues of carp [Cyprinus carpio L.]

86%

Ciereszko W.

Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria

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2001

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tom 31

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nr 2

The study was aimed at the PCB (Clophen A50) accumulation dynamics in the gill filaments, muscle tissue, perintestinal adipose tissue, alimentary tract and the liver of cultured carp, Cyprinus carpio L. when taken, only, either from contaminated water or contaminated diet. The highest accumulation dynamics was observed in first 5-10 days of intoxication followed by a visible decrease resulted partly from increase in a growth rate of the tested organs and tissues as well as from the smaller daily intake per weight unit of the tested fish.

14

Polichlorinated biphenyls [PCBs] in the adipose tissue of wild boars and roe-deer in the Region of Warmia and Mazuria

86%

Zasadowski Z.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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1994

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tom 03

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nr 2

This paper presents the results of studies on the content of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the fat of wild boars and roe-deer shot in the region of Warmia and Mazuria during the 1993 hunting season. PCB levels in the adipose tissue of these animals were relatiely low. The average PCB content in wild boar fat was 21.8 μg/kg, and in roe-deer 9.7 μg/kg. PCB content was below 15 μg/kg in the majority of wild boar fat samples, and below 7 μg/kg in the case of roe-deer.

15

Validation of an analytical procedure for selected polychlorinated biphenyls determination in sediment samples

86%

Szyrwinska K., Lulek J.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2006

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tom 15

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nr 4

This paper describes the method for determining 15 individual polychlorinated biphenyls in sediments, using fexIKA extraction. The analytical procedure included extraction and clean-up of extracts with concentrated sulfuric acid and solid phase extraction (SPE) on Florisil. The identification and quantification of analytes were carried out by capillary gas chromatography (GC) with electron capture detector (ECD) and/or low resolution mass spectrometry (LRMS). The method detection and quantification limits varied from 0.06 to 0.12 and from 0.2 to 0.4 ng/g dry weight, respectively. The relative standard deviations in repeatability and intra-laboratory reproducibility studies varied from 3.2 to 11.2%. Recoveries of analytes from spiked sediment samples were between 74.0% and 108.8%. The method was linear and characterized by good correlation coefficients (>0.99) for all compounds studied. The quality of the method under validation was verified by the analysis of certified reference material and by participation in an interlaboratory exercise.

16

Application of a perchlorination method to assay food contamination by polychlorinated biphenyls and insecticides

86%

Rak L., Adamczyk E.

Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series Veterinary Medicine

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2006

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tom 09

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nr 1

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and chloroorganic insecticides interfere with gas chromatographic analysis, thereby complicating their quantitative determination when multiple compounds are assayed. Perchlorination of the standards of the chlorinated compounds was used to simplify quantitative determination of these contaminants. Results indicate that perchlorination converts PCBs to a single compound (decachlorobiphenyl – DCB) that does not interfere with the assay for chloroorganic insecticides. These data confirm that perchlorination allows for simultaneous testing of both PCBs and chloroorganic insecticides during chromatographic analysis.

17

Transport and speciation of PAHs and PCBs in a river ecosystem

86%

Wolska L., Galer K., Namiesnik J.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2003

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tom 12

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nr 1

This paper presents the results of analysis of samples of river water and bottom sediments for PAH and PCB content using previously developed analytical procedures. Conclusions are drawn as to the form and main places of occurrence of the above analytes in the various elements of the river ecosystem (water phase, suspension, bottom sediments). The dependencies which were found between the PAH and PCB concentration in these three phases of the ecosystem suggest that: · PAHs are almost entirely adsorbed on the suspension and their transport in river water occurs mainly with the suspended matter. · PCBs are adsorbed to a lesser degree on the particles of suspended matter, which means that their transport in the river takes place both with the aqueous phase and with the suspended matter. · PAHs accumulate in bottom sediments to a much greater extent than PCBs.

18

Polychlorinated biphenyls in fat of wild-boars from different regions of North-Eastern Poland - short communication

86%

Zasadowski A., Barski D., Spodniewska A., Wysocki A.

Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences

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2003

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tom 12/53

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nr 1

This paper presents the results of studies on the content of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) in the fat of wild-boars shot in 10 selected areas of north-eastern Poland. All examined fat samples contained polychlorinated biphenyls. The mean level of PCB's in fat samples collected from wild-boars was 5.1 µg/kg. The highest mean levels of PCB's were noted in wild-boars from the Supraśl and Miłomłyn area. The presented data reveal that the levels of polychlorinated biphenyls were much lower than tolerated values for nutritive products, and at present there are no hygienic and toxicologic reservations. These studies illustrate the exposure of selected animal species and indirectly humans to these xenobiotics in north-eastern Poland.

19

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Polychlorinated biphenyls: a possible agent of neurologic disorders observed in young snakes

86%

Wojcik J., Czekaj H., Kozaczynski W., Niewiadowska A.

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy

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1995

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tom 39

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nr 1

20

A low halogenated biphenyl (PCB3) increases CYP1A1 expression and activity via the estrogen receptor beta in the porcine ovary

72%

Ptak A., Ludewig G., Gregoraszczuk E. L.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

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2008

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tom 59

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nr 3

577-588

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been detected at high levels, up to hundreds of pg/ml, in human ovarian follicle fluid. The effect of PCBs on the ovary and the consequences of exposure are largely unknown. We have previously shown that PCB3 (4-chlorobiphenyl) increases the secretion of estradiol and the activity of cytochrome P450s (CYPs) in ovarian follicle cells. Our goal here is to elucidate the mechanism of CYP induction by this congener. Exposure of porcine follicle cells, a co-culture of theca and granulosa cells, to 6 ng/ml of PCB3 caused an increase in CYP1A1 protein and enzymatic activity, in the same manner as exposure to exogenous 17ß-estradiol. No changes were seen in the protein level of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which mediates the first step in the signaling pathway of CYP1A1 induction. However, a strong reduction was seen in the protein level of estrogen receptor beta (ERß), while no effect was seen on ER protein levels. These result suggest that: 1) PCB3 acts as an agonist of ERß but not the Ah receptor in the ovarian follicles, 2) PCB3 is not only an efficacious inducer of CYP1A1 expression and activity, but also a substrate for this enzyme. Changes in the expression level of CYP1A1 not only alter the intensity of the activity of PCB3, but also the activity of estrogen in the ovary.

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