Wyniki wyszukiwania

1

Pollen viability in hybrid swarm populations of Pinus mugo Turra and P. sylvestris L.

100%

Kormutak A., Bohovicova J., Vookova B., Gomory D.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica

|

2007

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tom 49

|

nr 1

61-66

Pollen viability was tested in two hybrid swarm populations of Pinus mugo and P. sylvestris in northern Slovakia and in control populations of the parental species. It was significantly reduced in hybrid populations, as evidenced by average germination percentages ranging from 49.0% and 61.53% and by pollen tube length averaging 74.54-86.47 µm. The corresponding values in the control populations were 78.38-88.5% and 102.92-152.84 µm, respectively. The frequency of microsporogenesis disturbances at the tetrad and mature pollen stages was higher in hybrid swarms than in the control population of P. sylvestris. Based on in vitro germination data, the amount of sterile pollen was estimated at 40-41% in hybrid swarm populations, 12% in P. sylvestris, and 21% in P. mugo.

2

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Pollination and floral biology of Adonis vernalis L. (Ranunculaceae) - a case study of threatened species

86%

Denisow B., Wrzesien M., Cwener A.

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae

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2014

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tom 83

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nr 1

Although the knowledge of pollination systems of rare and threatened species is one of the principles for development of optimal conservation and management strategies, the data about their pollination requirements are scarce or incomplete. Different problems are listed (xerothermic habitat disappearance, overgrowing of patches, plant biology i.e., slow plant growth, problems with seed germination) among the possible causes of Adonis vernalis being threatened, but until now no consideration was given to the flowering biology and pollination. The observations of flowering biology of A. vernalis (Ranunculaceae), a clonal species, were conducted in an out-ofcompact- range population, in the Lublin Upland, Poland (51°18'55" N, 22°38'21" E), in 2011–2013. The reproductive potential of A. vernalis is related to the population age structure, pollination syndrome, and breeding system. The flowers exhibit incomplete protogyny. The dichogamy function is supported by different (biological, morphological) mechanisms. Stigma receptivity occurred about one day before anthers started shedding self-pollen, and pollen viability was increasing gradually during the flower life-span (66.3% in distal anthers vs. 77.3% in proximal). The decrease in pollen production and in pollen viability coincided with the lowest degree of seed set, irrespective of the pollination treatment. Pollen vectors are necessary for efficient pollination, as the proportion of pistils setting fruits after open pollination (41–82.1%) was significantly higher compared to spontaneous self-pollination (only 5.5–12.3%). The pollination requirements together with pollen/ovule ratio (P/O = 501) indicate a facultative xenogamous breeding system in A. vernalis. Therefore, in the conditions of the global lack of pollinators, improper pollination may weaken the population by leading to a decrease in the proportion of recombinants, and in addition to other factors, may accelerate extinction of small A. vernalis populations.

3

Characteristics of chosen species pollen of genus Taraxacum Wigg.

86%

Marciniuk J.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica. Supplement

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2005

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tom 47

|

nr 1

4

The influence of pollen viability on seed set and fruit mass in strawberry [Fragaria x ananassa Duch.]

86%

Kaczmarska E., Dobrowolska A. M., Hortynski J. A.

Acta Agrobotanica

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2008

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tom 61

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nr 1

This research was conducted in 2006 in the Experimental Station of the Department of Genetics and Horticultural Plant Breeding in Felin near Lublin. It included 7 cultivars of strawberry (‘Pastel’, ‘Salut’, ‘Teresa’, ‘Jota’, ‘Paula’, ‘Senga Sengana’, ‘Plena’) and two selected clones: 2395 and 3995 that belonged to the Department. Analysis of pollen fertility was carried out on the basis of materials collected on fi ve occasions: on May 17 (at the beginning of fl orescence), May 20 and May 24 (the peak of fl orescence) and on June 2 and June 13 (the end of fl orescence). Smear preparations stained with 2% acetocarmin and glycerin solution (1:1) were used to test pollen viability. The highest percent of viable pollen in 2006 was in cultivar ‘Jota’ (70.88%). The lowest viability had pollen of ‘Teresa’ cultivar (33.83%). The average content of viable pollen grains was the lowest on May 20 (36.79%). The highest pollen fertility was noted on June 2 (62.15%), the percent of fertile pollen on a similar level was observed on May 17 and 24 and June13. The cultivar ‘Jota’ was characterized by an increased level of pollen fertility that was quite high during the whole period of fl orescence. The number of seeds has a great infl uence on the proper development of spurious strawberry fruit. The mass of seeds from a single fruit has a great infl uence on the mass of fruits in both large and small fruit categories. Pollen viability affected the mass of seeds on big fruits (r = 0.444), but there is no clear direct relationship between pollen fertility and mass of strawberry fruit(r = -0.193 and r = -0.052).

5

Pollen viability, germination capability and pollen production level of some grape varieties [Vitis vinifera L.]

86%

Kelen M., Demirtas I.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

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2003

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tom 25

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nr 3

6

Reproductive processes in the yellow zinc violet [Viola lutea Huds. ssp. calaminaria (Ging.) Nauenb.] – a metal-tolerant taxon

72%

Pilarska M., Kuta E.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica. Supplement

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2005

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tom 47

|

nr 1

7

Pollen viability and in vitro germination of selected Central European species from genus Rosa analysed with different methods

72%

Wronska-Pilarek D., Tomlik-Wyremblewska A.

Dendrobiology

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2010

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tom 64

The main aim of the study was to determine which of the viability and germination capacity of pollen grains estimation methods are optimal and to test if the studied sections and species within the Rosa genus are differentiated in pollen viability andgermination capacity. We analysedandcomparedpollen grains of 14 wild Rosa species using 5 viability tests and13 various liquidandagar media. Viability of pollen grains in the majority of the examinedspecies was greater than their germination capacity. The most viable pollen grains were foundin R. gallica (section Gallicanae), where average of 5 viability tests is 90.69%, andin R. pendulina (section Rosa) – 86.85%. Species from section Caninae have a lower level of viability (from 60.59% in R. rubiginosa to 31.23% in R. inodora). Pollen of species from sections Gallicanae (R. gallica; to 63.4%) and Rosa (R. pendulina; to 47.21%) germinatedmuch better than the pollen of the majority of species from section Caninae (with the exception of R. zalana; to 47.22%). The examinedpollen grains germinatedmost numerously on agar medium with 1.5% agar+15% sucrose+50 ppm boric acidandliquidmed ium with 15% sucrose+ 50 ppm boric acid. Following deep-freeze storage (–25°C) for six months, the pollen grains of nine selected species (with the exception of R. rubiginosa) showed viability higher or similar to that before storage.

8

Reduced pollen viability and achene development in Solidago x niederederi Khek from Poland

72%

Migdalek G., Kolczyk J., Pliszko A., Koscinska-Pajak M., Slomka A.

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae

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2014

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tom 83

|

nr 3

Pollen and achene characters of natural interspecific hybrid Solidago ×niederederi Khek were analyzed and compared with putative parental species S. virgaurea L. and S. canadensis L. to estimate the level of disturbances in generative reproduction resulting from its hybrid nature. Pollen viability (stainability) of Solidago ×niederederi from one newly discovered locality in NE Poland was evidently reduced to ~65% in both viability tests (acetocarmine and Alexander). The diameter of viable pollen (median 21.11 μm) fell between S. canadensis (median 19.52 μm) and S. virgaurea (median 23.48 μm). Both parental species produced normally developed achenes with high frequency (~90%) whereas in the hybrid, the seed set was dramatically low (6%). The results clearly indicated that sexual reproduction of hybridogenous taxon S. ×niederederi is disturbed, and its potential impact as an invasive species depends mainly on vegetative propagation.

9

Assessment of chosen reproductive cycle processes and genetic diversity of Salix myrtilloides L. in wetlands of Polesie Lubelskie: the prospects of its survival in the region

72%

Pogorzelec M., Glebocka K., Hawryluk-Nowak B., Bronowicka-Mielniczuk U.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2015

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tom 63

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nr 3

Salix myrtilloides L. is an endangered species whose western limit of range runs through Poland. The main aim of the study was to increase the knowledge on the ecology and biology of S. myrtilloides populations in the Polesie Lubelskie region (Eastern Poland) in order to create an effective protection program. An 80% decrease in its population was found in this area. Our study was conducted to identify the mechanisms responsible for the process of withdrawal of this species from its natural stands by determining whether the processes of generative reproduction (pollen viability and germinability, seed germination ability and dynamics) in the populations occur properly and by characterizing within- and among-population genetic diversity of S. myrtilloides, using ISSR (Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat) primers. The results confirmed that S. myrtilloides pollen viability was high (84.17±8.67), and so were the seed germination ability (76% of the total number of sown seeds/24 h) and dynamics. The within-population genetic diversity was quite high for this species and the inter-population genetic variation was of medium value (ΦPT=0.148). The condition of two populations, their genetic diversity and sex ratio as well as the correctness of the investigated reproductive cycle stages altogether give prospects for their survival. It seems to be very important to start conservation involving the reintroduction and reconstruction of S. myrtilloides populations in the Polesie Lubelskie region. The proposed method for restoration of S. myrtilloides resources would be possible if ex situ cultivation and in vitro methods were used.

10

Propagation efficiency in several wild geranium species used in breeding

72%

Rusinowski Z., Flakowska I.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Horticulture and Landscape Architecture

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2007

|

tom 28

11

Zywotnosc pylku i wiazanie nasion u wybranych odmian truskawki [Fragaria x ananassa Duch.]

58%

Kaczmarska E.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus

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2003

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tom 02

|

nr 1

111-116

Pollen viability of 11 strawberry cultivars differing of photoperiodic sensitivity was investigated. During whole flowering period, average content of fertile pollen of everbearing fruit cultivars (‘Ostara’, ‘Geneva’, ‘Mara des Bois’, ‘Rapella’) amounted 28.5% and remained at the same level, whereas day-neutral cultivars (‘Selva’, ‘Tango’, ‘Evita’, ‘Irvine’) in third decade of June and July decreased at 35.2% in comparison to May level. Radiolographic analysis of plump seeds of 5 strawberry cultivars confirmed close relationship between pollen fertility and the plump of seeds.

12

Ocena patogenicznosci izolatu FvYM wirusa mozaiki ogorka w stosunku do pomidora uprawnego [Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.]

58%

Hanus-Fajerska E., Kobylko T.

Acta Agraria et Silvestria. Series Agraria

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2000

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tom 38

53-62

Experiments were carried out to evaluate the reaction of three tomato cultivare to mechanical inoculation with selected isolate of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-FvYM), in order to the further comparison with the susceptibility of the regenerants obtained from leaf explants excised from investigated plants. All tomato cultivars tested, that is: Moneymaker, Potentat and Rutgers, proved to be infected in 100%, their reaction was similar, although not homologous. The course of symptom expression and some morphological changes induced are documented. Pollen viability of infected plants was significantly lower than that of the control healthy plants.

13

Does vegetation impact on the population dynamics and male function in Anemone sylvestris L. (Ranunculaceae)? A case study in three natural populations of xerothermic grasslands

58%

Denisow B., Wrzesien M.

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae

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2015

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tom 84

|

nr 2

In Poland, like in other parts of Central Europe, dry grasslands significantly contribute to the biodiversity of both fauna and flora. Anthropogenic pressure impair many species of xerothermic habitats, and several populations face an increased risk of extinction. The goal of the study was to define factors that may affect the size of wild populations of Anemone sylvestris L., a protected species in Poland, with both a short- and long-term perspective, and to examine the influence of vegetation changes on the density, the abundance of flowering and male function (pollen production, pollen viability), as well as seed set. In situ observations were performed in 2005-2006 and 2011-2012 in three populations located on the Lublin Upland, SE Poland. The reduction in population density and A. sylvestris blooming was exacerbated by the expansion of the shrubs, but not by Brachypodium pinnatum. Male characteristics of A. sylvestris, i.e. pollen amount per multi-staminate flowers or pollen viability appeared to decrease under pressure of shrub competition. Populations with limitation of male function had impaired degree of seed set. Various consequences for the functioning of populations within a metapopulation system can be expected due to substantial qualitative and quantitative disorders in pollen traits. It is crucial that successful recovery programs for A. sylvestris primary should aim to conserve and manage the habitat.

14

Flowering, pollen characteristics and insect foraging on Campanula bononiensis (Campanulaceae), a protected species in Poland

58%

Denisow B., Wrzesien M., Bozek M., Jezak A., Strzalkowska-Abramek M.

Acta Agrobotanica

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2014

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tom 67

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nr 2

This study investigated the floral biology and pollen quantity and quality of Campanula bononiensis L. (Campanulaceae), a protected species in Poland. Observations and measurements were made during the years 2007–2009 in natural phytocoenoses from the Festuco-Brometea class situated within the Lublin area, SE Poland. A considerable decrease (approx. 87%) in population density was observed. Significant variations both in the amount of pollen (18.5%–34.8 % of pollen in the total anther dry weight, i.e. 0.5–1.5 mg per 10 anthers) and in pollen viability (38.8–97.0%) were noted. Both a low amount of pollen and low pollen viability may reduce the reproductive success of individuals. The most frequent visiting insects were bees (Apoidea), including solitary bees 45.7%, honeybees 20.4%, and bumblebees 11.4%. Dipterans, coleopterans (weevils), lepidopterans and ants were also recorded, implying a strong impact of C. bononiensis on insect biodiversity within grasslands.

15

Growth, flowering and yielding of six American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) cultivars

58%

Kaczmarska E.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus

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2009

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tom 08

|

nr 4

Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. –the cranberry of the Ericaceae family is cultivated mostly on high peat bogs. In Poland exist a good climatical conditions and considerable acreage of acid soils for cranberry growing. Cranberries can be consumed solely after processing, mostly as juice and sauce. Cranberries are beneficial for the human organism because they are a good source of vitamin A, B1, B2 , B6 and C, flavonoides, organic acids and other substances. Experiments on investigation of 6 cultivars of the American large fruited cranberries were begun in 2004 at the research plantation of Department of Genetics and Horticultural Plant Breeding in Felin, near Lublin. Seedlings were planted out at spacings of 50×50 cm in specialy prepared beds filled with sphagnum peat. During the experiments the following indices were evaluated: growth rhythm, length of horizontal shoots, number of vertical shoots per 1 m², number of flowers and berries per 1 m² in 4 – fold replications, weight of 100 berries and vitality of pollen. Over two years cultivars ‘Pilgrim’ and ‘Cropper’ had the highest yield (average 662 g and 611 g per 1 m², respectively). ‘Stankavich’ had the lowest yields of all 6 cultivars (average 95.5 g). ‘Pilgrim’ and ‘Cropper’ had the largest fruit size (average 1.55 g and 1.51 g, respectively), ‘Stankavich’ the smallest (av. 0.57 g), and ‘Le Munion’, Nr 20 and ‘Stevens’ were intermediate in fruit size. Interaction clone × year proved to be important in the case of such characteristics as: annual increment of shoots, number of flowers per 1 m², number of berries per 1 m² and weight of berries. The number of grains with alieve cytoplasm was the greatest in ‘Cropper’ and ‘Pilgrim’ cultivars.

16

Wplyw formy ojcowskiej na zywotnosc pylku i niektore cechy plonotworcze mieszancow miedzygatunkowych Avena sativa L. cv. Borowiak x Avena sterilis L.

58%

Chrzastek M., Kruk K., Okon S., Wojtowicz E.

Biuletyn Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin

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2009

|

nr 252

245-253

17

In vitro manipulation of cucumber [Cucumis sativus L.] pollen and microspores: isolation procedures, viability tests, germination, maturation

58%

Vizintin L., Bohanec B.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica

|

2004

|

tom 46

The distribution of plastids at the time of microspore and pollen grain development in Gagea lutea (L.) Ker.-Gaw. was analyzed using electron microscopy. It was shown that plastids are not transmitted to the forming generative cell of this species during microspore division. At the vacuolate microspore stage, preceding division, the microspore nucleus takes an acentric position and the plastids gather at the opposite side of the cell. In the highly polarized microspore at prophase of mitosis, all plastids are aggregated at one side of the nucleus, whereas mitochondria are dispersed throughout the cytoplasm. Numerous profiles of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are present between the clustered plastids. Some of the ER profiles are attached by their ends to the outer membrane of plastid envelopes and join the distant plastids. The outer membrane of the microspore plastids may form long and thin evaginations contacting with other plastids. Microtubules are visible in plastid aggregations occasionally. In dividing microspores, long ER cisterns surround the area of the mitotic spindle and separate it from the region containing plastids. There are no plastids in the young generative cell: all plastids remain clustered in the region of the microspore that now forms the vegetative cell of the bicellular pollen grain. Later the connections between plastids and ER cisterns gradually disappear and plastids disperse in the cytoplasm of the whole vegetative cell. The results of our study are not sufficient to define the mechanism causing selective aggregation of plastids at the vegetative pole of the Gagea microspore, nor to say whether the microtubular cytoskeleton plays a role. However, the participation of ER in these processes, at least in holding the special arrangement of microspore plastids, seems certain.

18

Floral biology of Senecio macrophyllus M. Bieb. (Asteraceae), a rare Central European steppe plant

58%

Czarnecka B., Denisow B.

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae

|

2014

|

tom 83

|

nr 1

Knowledge of the flowering phase and plant pollination ecology is very important for understanding the life history of long-lived perennials. In the case of rare species, the information may have implications for conservation practices. Our studies on flower morphology and blooming biology of the vulnerable plant Senecio macrophyllus M. BIEB. were conducted in situ (flowering, activity of insect visitors) in the largest population in SE Poland and in laboratory (light and scanning electron microscopy). The disc florets open diurnally with most intensive anthesis in the early afternoon and attract insect visitors with nectar and pollen. In highly protandrous disc florets, pollen viability decreases in time, whereas stigma receptivity increases. The upper part of the pistil forms a brush-like pollen presenter, covered with unicellular trichomes with chromoplasts. Pollen presentation lasts 4–11 hours per floret, and 8 days in a single head, the main function of which is to extend the availability of male gamets for reproduction. The number of florets per head, the head size, and the number of pollen grains produced per anther, and the pollen grain viability differed significantly between microsites. The finding indicates that, apart from the biotic factors, abiotic conditions may considerably influence generative reproduction of the species. In the study area, the principal visitors of S. macrophyllus flowers were Hymenoptera, with predominance of Apis mellifera (53.4% of visits). The remarkable share of butterflies (13.9%) recognized as the long-distance moving insects may improve the genetic variability of individuals within a fragmented population. A more detailed study is necessary to explain the role of insect visitors in effective pollination and in gene transfer between patches. The assessment of optimal conditions for the generative reproduction is fundamental for the in situ conservation of this rare species.

19

Morphological, cytological and embryological characterization of F1 A. cepa x A. roylei hybrids

58%

Chuda A., Klosowska K., Adamus A.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica

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2015

|

tom 57

|

nr 2

20

Evaluation of phenotypic and genotypic diversity of some Polish and Russian blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.) cultivars and clones

58%

Gawronski J., Hortynski J., Kaczmarska E., Dyduch-Sieminska M., Marecki W., Witorozec A.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus

|

2014

|

tom 13

|

nr 4

Blue honeysuckle due to the high health benefits of its fruit, early ripening (before the first strawberries cultivars) and high frost resistance of both plants and flowers has gained the great popularity both in cultivation and breeding. The implementation of the breeding program of new cultivars requires the knowledge of the characteristics that determine its direction in the selected material. Therefore, in this study the evaluation of the phenological phases, yield, fruit weight, number of seeds per fruit and pollen viability in the cultivars and breeding clones of this species was made. The tested cultivars and clones had different levels of the analysed qualities except the pollen viability which was high but did not differ significantly within the genotypes. The evaluation of such characteristics as yield potential and fruit weight indicates that cultivars ‘Warszawa’, ‘Wojtek’ and T2 clone which had higher values of these characteristics as compared to other genotypes are possible to be used in breeding programme. Obtainment of the forms with early fruit ripening can be realised through the use of the selected Russian cultivars. The objective of this study was also to characterise the blue honeysuckle germplasms using RAPD markers and to assess their genetic similarity. The analysed primers produced 61 fragments out of which 57 (93.44%) were polymorphic. The genetic similarity matrix was made on the basis of RAPD markers. The mean genetic similarity was calculated at 0.56. The presented study confirms that the use of RAPD markers is a practical and effective method to evaluate the genetic similarity of blue honeysuckle genotypes and to establish genetic relationships between these genotypes.

Ograniczanie wyników

Pollen viability in hybrid swarm populations of Pinus mugo Turra and P. sylvestris L.

Pollination and floral biology of Adonis vernalis L. (Ranunculaceae) - a case study of threatened species

Characteristics of chosen species pollen of genus Taraxacum Wigg.

The influence of pollen viability on seed set and fruit mass in strawberry [Fragaria x ananassa Duch.]

Pollen viability, germination capability and pollen production level of some grape varieties [Vitis vinifera L.]

Reproductive processes in the yellow zinc violet [Viola lutea Huds. ssp. calaminaria (Ging.) Nauenb.] – a metal-tolerant taxon

Pollen viability and in vitro germination of selected Central European species from genus Rosa analysed with different methods

Reduced pollen viability and achene development in Solidago x niederederi Khek from Poland

Assessment of chosen reproductive cycle processes and genetic diversity of Salix myrtilloides L. in wetlands of Polesie Lubelskie: the prospects of its survival in the region

Propagation efficiency in several wild geranium species used in breeding

Zywotnosc pylku i wiazanie nasion u wybranych odmian truskawki [Fragaria x ananassa Duch.]

Ocena patogenicznosci izolatu FvYM wirusa mozaiki ogorka w stosunku do pomidora uprawnego [Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.]

Does vegetation impact on the population dynamics and male function in Anemone sylvestris L. (Ranunculaceae)? A case study in three natural populations of xerothermic grasslands

Flowering, pollen characteristics and insect foraging on Campanula bononiensis (Campanulaceae), a protected species in Poland

Growth, flowering and yielding of six American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) cultivars

Wplyw formy ojcowskiej na zywotnosc pylku i niektore cechy plonotworcze mieszancow miedzygatunkowych Avena sativa L. cv. Borowiak x Avena sterilis L.

In vitro manipulation of cucumber [Cucumis sativus L.] pollen and microspores: isolation procedures, viability tests, germination, maturation

Floral biology of Senecio macrophyllus M. Bieb. (Asteraceae), a rare Central European steppe plant

Morphological, cytological and embryological characterization of F1 A. cepa x A. roylei hybrids

Evaluation of phenotypic and genotypic diversity of some Polish and Russian blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.) cultivars and clones