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Poor seed set is a limiting factor in alfalfa breeding, as it slows the selection response. One strategy used to overcome this problem is to search for mutations of inflorescence morphology. Long-peduncle (lp), branched-raceme (br) and top-flowering (tf) inflorescence mutations increase the number of flowers per inflorescence, but they do not improve seed set per flower. Here we assessed pollen tube growth in styles of those inflorescence mutants and we observed embryo and endosperm development in seeds 1 to 16 days after pollination (DAP). The number of pollen tubes penetrating the style and the ovary was similar in all tested mutants and in the reference cultivar Radius. At 2 DAP, fertilized ovules were 2.7–3.9 times less numerous in certain inflorescence mutants than in the short-raceme cv. Radius. Ovule degeneration progressed at 2–4 DAP in all analyzed plants. Most ovules were not properly developed in the control cultivar (62%), nor in the forms with mutated inflorescence morphology (69–86%). The number of seeds per pod was lowest in the tf form despite its having the highest number of ovules per ovary. It appears that the number of ovules per pistil is not a crucial factor in seed set in alfalfa when fertilization efficiency is very low. Both poor fertilization and gradual ovule degeneration were factors causing poor seed set in the investigated alfalfa genotypes.
Most fruit-tree species, including pear (Pyrus) have genetically controlled ability to outcrossing (self-incompatibility). From the orchard practice point of view outcrossing is desired for obtaining acceptable yield level. So, the aim of the present study was to learn problem of self-incompatibility or cross-compatibility of six pear (P. communis) cultivars (Amfora, Radana, Red Williams, Carola, Conference, Dicolor) and wild ecotype of P. pyraster and the evaluation of investigated cultivars as good polinators for each other. The mode of pollination consists of intracultivar self- and cross-pollination and intercultivar diallel cross-pollination. The pollination was done in three different environmental conditions i.e. orchard, glasshouse and laboratory. Self-incompatibility or cross-compatibility of investigated cultivars was evaluated on the base of the pollen germination index (PGI). Six cultivars of pear and one ecotype of wild pear which were under investigation showed full self-incompatibility. In some inter-cultivar and interspecific pollinations full cross-incompatibility or unilateral incompatibility was observed.
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