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Application of AFLPs linked to pollen fertility restoration and nonperforming genes evaluated in the C394-F2 hybrid was studied using a set of male sterile lines in the sterilising Pampa cytoplasm, several restorers and maintainer lines and, finally, two inbred lines backcrossed into cms-P, cms-R, cms-S and cms-C cytoplasms each. The set of male sterile lines based on the Pampa cytoplasm exhibited gradual variation in their ability to restore pollen fertility (starting from low and closing with high) in crosses with three unrelated restorers. Variations in the AFLPs between the analysed materials were observed, however, no clustering of the lines according to their sterile and fertile phenotypes was observed. The same markers, when applied to the population restorer (cv. Walet) that formed the C394-F2 cross permitted identification of plants with genotypes that could be recognized as restorers.
The effect of polluting the environment with the emissions of the Prydniprovska Thermal Power Plant emissions, Dnipropetrovsk city, on morphometric and cytogenetic indicators of floral system of Tilia genus representatives was examined. The research was conducted in June and July in 2015. The studied objects in conditions of technogenesis show reduction of the bloom intensity rate and an increase of pollen grain sterility, which is the most significant in T. сordata. Sensitive indicators of Tilia generative sphere were suggested as informative test parameters for the use in monitoring the environment state. The recommendations are offered on the use of species of the Tilia genus in gardening industrial sites in terms of the steppe Prydniprovya.
Hybrid speciation within the genus Elymus is analyzed and discussed. The supposed hybrid origin of Elymus x mucronatus between Elymus repens and Elymus hispidus was tested. In this aim, pollen viability and AFLP variation of putative progenitors and progenies from two natural populations were studied. Pollen fertility of hybrids ranging from 0 to 91.95% (average 59.50%) indicates the occurrence of F1 hybrids and backcross hybrids. Seven EcoRI/MseI AFLP primer combinations generated a total of 477 AFLP fragments (300 polymorphic) for 48 parental and hybrid individuals. UPGMA and principal coordinates analysis of the AFLP data set show that hybrids are closer to E. hispidus than to E. repens and suggest unidirectional introgression towards E. hispidus. AFLP fragments of the hybrid taxon were additively inherited from the parental species and no hybrid-specific bands were identified. AFLP analysis validates the hybrid status of E. ×mucronatus. Populations in which E. repens, E. hispidus and their hybrids co-occur still progress from early hybridization stages of F1 hybrids to an advanced hybridization stage of a well-established hybrid swarm. E. ×mucronatus is potentially self-sustaining by predominant vegetative reproduction by rhizomes and partial fertility leading to the development of mature seeds. We propose to consider Elymus ×mucronatus as a new species of hybrid origin in the Polish flora.
Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) in rye (Secale cereale L.), especially cytoplasma PAMPA, is used commercially in hybrid beeding programmes. The development of molecular markers that are tightly linked to the numerous genes coding for pollen fertility is expected to have great impact in the field. Morphological and cytological analyses of plants from a three-way cross C394: [(S67P/94 x S38/94) x CHD296] indicated the presence of at least several genes acting at different stages of pollen grain development, and proved the concurrence of both approaches in plant classification. The AFLP technique combined with the Bulk Segregant Analysis (BSA) were applied to identify DNA fragments linked to the genes of interest. All the 256 possible primer pair combinations based on the Msel and EcoRI restriction sites generated distinct band patterns allowing the identification of 31143 DNA fragments, visualised using the isotopic method. On average, any given primer combination generated 122 fragments. Among 1111 and 431 potential genetic markers respectively identified in the restorer form and the maternal lines, 775 and 295 were present in the F2 population. These numbers were then reduced to 109 and 51. The identified DNA fragments were tested on a limited segregating population, C394-F2, in order to eliminate false signals and to select markers for a future marker-assisted selection programme. Twenty-five markers were selected. Four of these markers were not identified via the BSA approach, indicating that if a highly polymorphic component is used for a cross, or a polygenic trait is studied, then the use of a limited population may be required.
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