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The primary aim of this study was to assess changes in the economic and financial status of the wood industry in Poland in the period of 2006-2013. This evaluation focused on basic economic and financial factors describing changes in the wood industry in terms of revenue, costs, financial results, sale prices, export activity, exchange rates, liquidity, debt, cost efficiency and resource productivity as well as profitability. The conducted analysis showed that after a deep crisis in the wood sector in 2008 the financial situation improved markedly in the next years. The advantageous course of changes was connected first of all with increased income and reduced general expenses, resulting in a considerable increase in yields from sales as well as returns on assets and equity. Generally, no significant changes were observed in the case of other areas and criteria applied in the evaluation of financial standing in the wood sector, i.e. liquidity, indebtedness and efficiency. However, a characteristic feature of the analyzed period was connected with a considerable increase in labor efficiency. In the years 2006-2013 labor efficiency in the timber industry increased in actual terms by as much as approx. 50%, which to a considerable degree determined the reduction of unit costs and the increase in profitability.
The academic development of general practice (GP) within countries of Central and Eastern Europe began only after the political changes in the 1990s. From a research perspective GP has a reputation for being amongst the least intellectually rigorous clinical disciplines. This has several serious consequences; loss of self-confidence, lack of attractiveness as an intellectual discipline and less application of critical thinking in routine clinical work. The only solution is an effort to develop research in primary care, as this is the ultimate attribute of scientifically oriented disciplines such as medicine. GP research in the Czech Republic has a low level of awareness and support. Its development is slow and faces many barriers; lack of financial resources, lack of leading personalities within the field, lack of ideas, lack of scientific education, lack of experience, and insufficient research capacity. As GPs, we do not have enough skills to write and publish scientific papers. Research is also not recognised as an essential component of GP training. However, research in primary care is developing and here I present several successful research projects within our department. Research has been proposed as a vital agenda towards the new concept of general practice, as recently presented to the government by the Society of GPs.
After the political and economic changes of the early 1990s in Hungary, a large number of privatelyowned farms were set up, which continue to be plagued by structural and efficiency problems as well as dilemmas regarding the allocation of resources, largely due to unfounded and improvisative support policies. In Western European agricultural sectors, different forms of cooperation have been established and practised for a long time and have proven adequate; on the other hand, local adaptations are repeatedly unsuccessful because of the reluctance of farmers in Hungary. The study aims at exploring the relationship between the farmers willingness to cooperate and the characteristics of the farm, and at describing the factors or traits that encourage or discourage cooperation. In addition, the paper discusses the efficiency of the currently available forms of cooperation, and assesses the feasibility of a competitive agricultural sector based on the cooperation and association of farmers.
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