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The paper aimed to review the current knowledge on nutritive value of rapeseed meal for ruminants. Main limitations of its use, including glucosinolate and phenolic compound contents as well as a high degradability of protein in the rumen, are discussed. Although the heat treatment (dry or wet) can significantly decrease protein degradability in the rumen, the effect of such treatments on milk yield and composition is not so clear. The availability of limiting amino acids in the intestines should be considered. It seems that low-glucosinolate rapeseed meal (below 20 μmol/g non-fat dry matter) can be safely used in diets for dairy cows up to 2,5 kg/day. The very low content of glucosinolate hydrolysis products in milk would not be harmful for human. Low-glucosinolate rapeseed meal can also be the main protein feed in beef cattle diets. It may also replace the soybean meal in the „starter" diets for calves. However, the use of rapeseed meal in finishing diets for lambs needs some further studies.
The results of the studies discussed indicate practical possibilities for increasing the nutritional value and range of fodder utilisation of rapeseed products by means of, among others: (i) further lowering GLS content to the level of 3 - 5 μM, permitting broader application of raw seeds and better utilisation of press cake obtained during cold pressing of oil; (ii) modification of the traditional technology of rapeseed processing, mainly through lowering the temperature of seed conditioning and rapessed meal toasting, which bring about lysine loss and increase the biological value of protein; (iii) reducing fibre content in rapeseed meal (through hulling of seeds, fractioning of rapeseed meal) and selection of ‘000’ cultivars, permitting an increase in energetic value of meal in feeding monogastric animals; (iv) optimisation of cold pressing of oil with regard to the nutritonal value of press-cake.
The research was conducted to determine the effect of the addition of rapeseed meal, with or without ensiling preparations, on the chemical and microbiological composition and aerobic stability of whole-plant maize silages. Maize forage (dry matter - 315.5 g × kg⁻¹, 20-25 mm particles) was ensiled in 120 l silos. Silages were made as to the following variants: without additives - KK; with the addition of rapeseed meal in an amount of 50 g × kg⁻¹ of forage - KR; with the addition of rapeseed meal and Lactobacillus buchneri bacteria (1.5 × 10⁵ cfu × g⁻¹ of a mixture) - KR-B; with the addition of rapeseed meal, L. buchneri (1.5 × 10⁵ cfu × g⁻¹ of a mixture) and potassium sorbate (0.3 g × kg⁻¹ of a mixture) - KR-BC; with the addition of rapeseed meal and chemical preservative (59% of formic acid, 20% of propionic acid, 4.3% of ammonium formate, 2.5% of potassium sorbate; preparation dose - 4 ml × kg⁻¹ of a mixture) - KR-C. Ensiling maize forage with only rapeseed meal guaranteed good quality of fermentation, eliminated the growth of moulds and increased aerobic stability of the obtained silages. The addition to ensiling preparations of maize forage with rapeseed meal influenced the further improvement of fermentation quality, decreased the growth of Clostridium bacteria and yeasts, excluded moulds, and increased the resistance to aerobic deterioration. The greatest limitation of yeast and mould growth during aerobic exposure and the highest resistance to aerobic deterioration were obtained by ensiling maize forage with rapeseed meal and the addition of Lactobacillus buchneri bacteria with potassium sorbate.
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